The Roles of WWI and WWII in International Politics Essay -- History W

Throughout the field of international politics, more things for ward the change of thinking and many cause futile business line and heated debate amongst international dealings theorists and politicians alike, but none do this more than the subject of war. state of war has long been on the minds of the greatest thinkers the world has known, from Aristotles A Treatise on Government (322BC) through, Machiavelli, Da Vinci to more recent thinkers and philosophers of our time. Theories have clashed violently over the subject and no other wars have had such a significant impact as human being struggle I or World fight II. They have become staple points for debate, and the basis of theories themselves, not yet for war, but for the eventualities of other world-changing factors.The question of which war has had more impact on thinking about foreign Politics has puzzled intellectuals since the Second World War commenced. Not like many would think, at the end of World War II, simply th e advent and prospect of some other Great War immediately changed opinion. Realists sit down smugly back as freehanded Internationalists ideals were thrown out. The questions began. How has the start of this war altered our previous ideals? How will it change world opinion? How on earthly concern are we going to win another war? And the questions never stop, to this day, we evidently are still discussing the outcomes and impact of each World War, and of their collective impact. Unlike many of the great debates throughout International Politics, on that point is no general consensus to subscribe to on this subject of thought. You may still freely choose World War II or shown here, World War I, and find plentiful evidence to shape and back up your theory, that The Great War had a greater impac... ...ations Theory. RoutledgeGoldmann K., 1994 logic Of Internationalism - Coercion and accommodation. RoutledgeGray C. S., 2007. WAR, counterinsurgency AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. An Introduction to Strategic History. RoutledgeGriffiths M. 1992. Realism, Idealism and International Politics - A reinterpretation. RoutledgeMorgenthau H., 1948. Politics Among Nations. New York, KnopfNye S. J. Jr. and Keohane O. R., 1971. transnational Relations and World Politics. Harvard University PressRengger N. J., 2000. International Relations, Political Theory and the Problem of Order. RoutledgeSheffield, G., 2001. Forgotten Victory The First World War - Myths and Realities. Headline ReviewWendt A., 1999. accessible Theory of International Politics. Camebridge University Presswaltz K., 198.1 The Spread of Nuclear Weapons More May Better. Adelphi Papers, Number 171 The Roles of WWI and WWII in International Politics Essay -- History WThroughout the field of international politics, many things forward the change of thinking and many cause futile argument and heated debate amongst international relations theorists and politicians alike, but none do this more tha n the subject of war. War has long been on the minds of the greatest thinkers the world has known, from Aristotles A Treatise on Government (322BC) through, Machiavelli, Da Vinci to more recent thinkers and philosophers of our time. Theories have clashed violently over the subject and no other wars have had such a significant impact as World War I or World War II. They have become staple points for debate, and the basis of theories themselves, not just for war, but for the eventualities of other world-changing factors.The question of which war has had more impact on thinking about International Politics has puzzled intellectuals since the Second World War commenced. Not like many would think, at the end of World War II, simply the advent and prospect of another Great War immediately changed opinion. Realists sat smugly back as Liberal Internationalists ideals were thrown out. The questions began. How has the start of this war altered our previous ideals? How will it change world op inion? How on earth are we going to win another war? And the questions never stop, to this day, we evidently are still discussing the outcomes and impact of each World War, and of their collective impact. Unlike many of the great debates throughout International Politics, there is no general consensus to subscribe to on this subject of thought. You may still freely choose World War II or shown here, World War I, and find plentiful evidence to shape and back up your theory, that The Great War had a greater impac... ...ations Theory. RoutledgeGoldmann K., 1994 Logic Of Internationalism - Coercion and accommodation. RoutledgeGray C. S., 2007. WAR, PEACE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. An Introduction to Strategic History. RoutledgeGriffiths M. 1992. Realism, Idealism and International Politics - A reinterpretation. RoutledgeMorgenthau H., 1948. Politics Among Nations. New York, KnopfNye S. J. Jr. and Keohane O. R., 1971. Transnational Relations and World Politics. Harvard University Pres sRengger N. J., 2000. International Relations, Political Theory and the Problem of Order. RoutledgeSheffield, G., 2001. Forgotten Victory The First World War - Myths and Realities. Headline ReviewWendt A., 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. Camebridge University PressWaltz K., 198.1 The Spread of Nuclear Weapons More May Better. Adelphi Papers, Number 171

gatdream American Dream Alive and Well in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The American Dream is Alive and Well in 2002 ...One Nation, under God, indivisible, with justice for all. Most Americans have heard and said this pledge to allegiance hundreds of times. The interrogative sentence is, do we really believe in the power of its meaning? Its a shame that America, land of the free, is also the land of capitalism, scandal and discrimination. Though we have the emancipation to bear arms, freedom of speech, and freedom of religious and political affiliation, some Americans claim that they do not have the freedom to be themselves. Images from the media of aesthetic beauty and monetary success bombard the majority of Americans on an everyday basis. It is only natural for one to attempt to improve himself or herself by living up to the standards imposed by society. Unfortunately, Americas brand of self-improvement often comes with a price. I agree with the definition in Websters College Dictionary of the American Dream an American ideal of social equality and oddly material success. Though the American Dream is very much alive for many, it is not necessarily well for most. Ron Suskind, author of the national bestseller, A Hope in the Unseen, writes about the real-life story of Cedric Jennings. Jennings was a high school senior at a crime-infested school in Washington, D.C. Jennings beats the odds in Suskinds novel of the American struggle, and gains acceptance into Brown University (an Ivy League school). Jennings dealt with more than the average high school turmoil in his four years at Frank W. Ballou senior High School. He couldnt even accept his award for a year of perfect grades in fear that his life would be threatened Pride and such(prenominal) accomplishment is acceptable behavior for sterling students at high schools across the land, but at Ballou and other urban schools like it, something else is at work (Suskind 17). This is the direct in the bucket syndrome (a phrase coined by educators, Suskind explains) where one crab p ulls the other crab down, and keeps them from climbing out of the bucket. Though Cedric is aware of the jeers he receives from his classmates for his accomplishments, he continues to chip in his head up high when he thinks of his green light to graduate from Ballou, and continue his education at an Ivy League school. As I sympathize A Hope in the Unseen, I thought of the unfairness of the American ideal.

Religion: Who needs it? :: social issues

Religion Who needs it?Why is it that humans are constantly looking elsewhere for what they are able to provide themselves? People with washers and dryers send their clothes to be cleaned. Owners of houses stocked full of food can be found at McDonalds. Billions of muckle can be found each week inside churches. Wait...the cleaners,McDonalds and churches? Yep. People are constantly trying to make their lives easier. Darwin theorized that this was part of Survival of the Fittest. That the easier we make our lives, the more than like we are to survive. Religion is one more way of life, along with self-starting coffee pots, that we have developed to make our lives easier and ultimately more bearable. Assuming that in that respect is several(prenominal) master plan that we cant see makes. Religion is simply a self-made, self-serving idea. Humans are the only animals on the planet capable of keeping skip over of time. Because of this, we pompously assume that only the most valuable of projects are worth our time. We sometimes say, That was a total waste of my time. What if our entire lives were a waste? What if there was nothing after this life to greet us? The idea that lives are giant wastes would obviously make same people rather annoyed. With holiness in our life we are content in the belief that we are constantly working toward something. There is a reason for all the pain, heartache and suffering. Another way that religion is self-serving is through the way that it shuns righteousness. By way of religion we are able to place our eternal happiness on someone elses shoulders. Although it is our responsibility to live the kind of life that we think God would want us to live, it is ultimately his decision wether we succeed or fail. Because of this I really appreciate the Buddhist way of thinking. Buddhist teach that you are to look inside yourself to find the inspiration and good to reach the ultimate goal, known as enlightenment. Through this it is no ones responsibility but your own if you arent happy or successful. It isnt that God has or hasnt blessed you, its that the answer lies within yourself and you just havent found it yet. The last way that religion is self serving and foolish is in another way that we make oursleves happier and more content. Through self-induced propaganda we believe that regardless of our situation in life, someone is watch us, and taking care of us.

Native American Museum Essay -- Native Americans

George Gustav Heye Center - The Smithsonians National Museum of the American Indian is a fascinating building at the Bowling Green area of Lower Manhattan. Its close to Battery Park that displays an elegant view of the water. You can see ferries floating by headed towards Staten Island, since South Ferry Terminal is nearby. It allows you to appreciate the hidden gems of the urban center located in the outskirts Manhattan. One of those very treasures is the museum mentioned previously. The Museum of the American Indian is directly in front of the Bowling Green Park with a water bombardment at the center. From the park view you can see the front of the museum. It has stone steps with statues on the sides. Walking in to the museum up the grand stairs take me to the entrance protected by security with metal detectors. Out of the various museums Ive previously visited in NYC this was the first time Ive encountered going by means of metal detectors, maybe because the museum is free and open to the public? From that point on theres a digital interactive guide that displays the layout of the museum and location of the exhibits. The museum is change integrity into quadrants with an elliptical rotunda in the middle. The rotunda is illuminated by natural light from the glass dome with skylights above you. Also when you look up you can see singular symbolic painting on the ceiling. From the center of the rotunda you can go left or right to see the exhibits of Native Americans. For some reason I snarl like going in through the left, aside from the fact that the right side was closed for renovations. I headed left into the Time Exposure exhibit by the Haudenosaunee Discovery Room. When entering the exhibit it can seem a bit disoriented, but you just have... ...due to the external forces such as other settlers e.g. the Navajos, new settlers along with the Spanish conquerors entered their world. As a result the Pueblo Indians were imposed by these external forces espec ially through military power that changed their ways completely having minimal ethnic practices of their ancestors before them. The museum may seem like its very limited to whats on exhibit mostly because not all of the building is in use. However the few exhibits they have is substantial in sparking an interest or even beginning to understand the cultures of Native Americans. Works Cited http//nmai.si.edu/explore/exhibitions/item/194 http//newsdesk.si.edu/releases/exhibition-smithsonian-documents-impact-railroads-native-southwest http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/ report/482769/Pueblo-Indians http//www.bigorrin.org/pueblo_kids.htm

Depression Essay -- Depressed Illness Psychology Essays

Mom is sad all the time. She cries a lot. Sometimes she doesnt get up in the morning. She stays in bed until late in the afternoon with covers pulled up around her ears. At first I didnt worry. Shed stay in bed for a day or two and then get up again, and Id think she was better. hardly after a couple of weeks, she didnt take much any more, and she stayed in her room most of the time She has something called depression (DenBoer, Helen 1-2).Most pile today do not think that depression is an illness. In fact most people think that depression is a moral failure. Some 400,000 patients are treated for depression in the United States annually, most as outpatients and most by non-psychiatric physicians (Hollister, Leo E 80). In 1989, major depression cost the nation at least $27 billion in medical checkup care, worker absenteeism, and related costs. In 2002, as galore(postnominal) as 14 million people in the United States had symptoms of depression, resulting in a prevalence array of 3 % to 7% of the general population. This led to a loss of approximately $40 billion dollars a year in productivity (Breen, Robert and McCormac, Rupert 1).Every hotshot at one time or another has felt depressed, sad, or blue. Being depressed is a normal reaction to loss, lifes struggles, or an injured self-esteem. But sometimes the note of sadness becomes intense, lasting for long periods of time and preventing a person from leading a normal life. In fact depression is oft considered a effeminate disease, since affected women reportedly outnumber men by four to one. Yet male depression may be more. Many men try to comprehend their condition, thinking it unmanly to act moody. And it works National studies suggest that doctors miss the diagnosis in men a full 70% of the time (Real, Terrance 1). But male depression also stays hidden because men tend to express depression differently than women do. Depressed women are more likely to call down abut their problems and reach out for hel p, while depressed men will often turn to some action or substance for relief. Men often attempt to escape pain by overusing alcohol or drugs, working excessively or seeking extramarital affairs. They go into isolation, withdrawing from loved ones, and they may chide out, becoming irritable or violent (Real, Terrance 1).The American National Institute of National health has defined depression as an illness that invo... ...,000 possible many suicides are not reported (Hollister 80). Suicide often isnt listed as the cause of death, even if it suspected as it doesnt reflect the number of people who commit suicide by not eating, by abusing alcohol and medications, or by simply losing the will to live. Because of the low energy levels and impeded thought crop that accompany severe depression, a patient may be unable to act on their suicidal thoughts at first. Close monitoring in much(prenominal) cases is very important. low in all its forms affects a lot of people around the world. I t is an illness that has gone untreated and unrecognized for a long time. Depression affects the lives of the people affected and puts a burden on the community and family members. It is important for everyone to recognize that depression is an illness that requires treatment and assistance. It is perhaps the most common medical condition seen by primary care physicians today, and rapidly evolving drug therapy present management challenges. However at least newer medications are good, helpful and carry few risks with small side effects. Accurate diagnosis still remains the main focus point for effective patient care.

Depression Essay -- Depressed Illness Psychology Essays

Mom is sad all the time. She cries a lot. Sometimes she doesnt get up in the morning. She endures in bed until late in the afternoon with covers pulled up around her ears. At first I didnt worry. Shed stay in bed for a day or two and then get up again, and Id think she was better. But after a couple of weeks, she didnt eat much any more, and she stayed in her room most of the time She has something called belief (DenBoer, Helen 1-2).Most people today do non think that depression is an illness. In fact most people think that depression is a moral failure. Some 400,000 patients be treated for depression in the United States annually, most as outpatients and most by non-psychiatric physicians (Hollister, Leo E 80). In 1989, major depression cost the nation at least $27 billion in medical c ar, worker absenteeism, and related costs. In 2002, as many as 14 million people in the United States had symptoms of depression, resulting in a prevalence rate of 3% to 7% of the general populati on. This led to a loss of approximately $40 billion dollars a year in productivity (Breen, Robert and McCormac, Rupert 1).Everyone at one time or another has felt depressed, sad, or blue. Being depressed is a normal reaction to loss, lifes struggles, or an hurt self-esteem. But sometimes the feeling of sadness becomes intense, lasting for long periods of time and preventing a person from leading a normal life. In fact depression is often considered a female disease, since affected women reportedly outnumber men by four to one. Yet male depression may be more. galore(postnominal) men try to hide their condition, thinking it unmanly to act moody. And it works National studies suggest that doctors miss the diagnosis in men a skilful 70% of the time (Real, Terrance 1). But male depression also stays hidden because men tend to express depression differently than women do. Depressed women are more likely to talk abut their problems and reach out for help, while depressed men will often turn to some action or substance for relief. Men often attempt to escape pain by overusing alcohol or drugs, working excessively or seeking extramarital affairs. They go into isolation, withdrawing from loved ones, and they may lash out, becoming irritable or violent (Real, Terrance 1).The American National Institute of National health has defined depression as an illness that invo... ...,000 possible many suicides are not reported (Hollister 80). Suicide often isnt listed as the cause of death, even if it suspected as it doesnt reflect the number of people who commit suicide by not eating, by abusing alcohol and medications, or by simply losing the will to live. Because of the low talent levels and impeded thought process that accompany severe depression, a patient may be unable to act on their suicidal thoughts at first. finale monitoring in such cases is very important.Depression in all its forms affects a lot of people around the world. It is an illness that has gone untreat ed and unacknowledged for a long time. Depression affects the lives of the people affected and puts a burden on the community and family members. It is important for everyone to recognize that depression is an illness that requires treatment and assistance. It is possibly the most common medical condition seen by primary care physicians today, and rapidly evolving drug therapy present management challenges. However at least newer medications are good, helpful and carry fewer risks with small side effects. Accurate diagnosis still remains the main focus point for effective patient care.

Cultural Implications of a “Brave New World”

Aldous Huxleys bear New area relates a pretended clubhouse in which freedom is dead, morality is forgotten, and mans future is bleak indeed. His work employs many parallels that can be drawn to nightspots culture today, possibly even serving as a prediction of the future 500 years from now. With that said, a close look will be taken into several of Huxleys themes within a doughty New World to best determine the impactions of his fictional ordination in regards to modern heathenish trends, and trends for the future. Huxleys Brave New World is set far into the future, in 632 AF, or 2540 AD.Plotted in this extreme, Huxley has liberated himself from any confines of modern literature and undefendable up the doors for a future entirely of his making, with his own rules, and own utopian predictions. For, written in 1931, Huxley was essentially inventing a society some 600 years into the future, single in which he has formd a negative utopia a society in which utopian dreams of the old reformers have been realized, only to turn out to be nightm ars (Booker, 16), which, with the Utopian books of his time, was his very intention.With that said, Huxleys work should be read primarily as a warning against runaway capitalism and as an anticipation of coming developments in Western consumer society (Booker, 20). Further, in a direct parallel from Huxleys work to modern society, capitalism could, very easily, take the same turn in an attempt to create a better, more stable economy. The story itself is a frightening version of the future that could be, all the while containing social and ethnical issues of the early 1900s.The cultural impact of the Industrial Revolution al bingle highlights a major theme within the work that the world is moving at too fast a footmark for survival tempered by the loss of intellectual individuality. In Huxleys world, reproduction has no use as it is easier, and more economical, to essentially create pertly individuals via a hatcher y process. Sex is no longer the means for reproduction but has been relegated the role of pleasure, where any man can have any woman, and on that point argon no relationships based upon such intimacy.There are no emotional ties to family, loved ones, or friends, and death is accepted as the natural cycle of life, non to be mourned, but not really to be thought about either. Huxleys world is separated into a large caste system with Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons. In this society, the upper-castes are given more time in the hatchery to develop intelligence and somatogenic prowess, whereas the lower castes are essentially poisoned to have lower intelligence and lesser physical endowment.Huxleys employment of these plot conditions marks his greatest theme that of the loss of individual identity. In his brave new world, people are mere products of creation, relegated into their castes, who full of life out their lives as they are supposed to, never questioning, never won dering, never living. With this basis, Huxley initiated the reinforcement of desired behavior by reward rather than by penalization (Fjellman, 3), with the prediction that we king be tamed instead by desire and pleasure (3).Then, perhaps for balance, Huxley introduces the character of Bernard Marx, a psychologist and an Alpha Plus. Despite his caste rank, Bernard is an outcaste in their society, based mostly on his physical condition, which socially marks him as a lower caste because of his smaller size. Bernard, of course, falls for a Beta Plus, Lenina, who is so far in the societal doe that she cannot even question her own actions and is tormented by her friends for not being promiscuous enough.As for Lenina, Huxley reserved especial rancor for the female of the species, whose presence provokes even more heated rhetoric (Higdon), and her character the ultimate parody of the female species. Further, Huxley offers a remarkably sexist vision which suggestsif it does not outright s aythat only Alpha men are capable of being unhappy, of being unorthodox, of being rebels. Only once, in a remark by Mustapha Mond, does the work suggest that women can become as troublesome to the State as men and suffer exile for their unorthodoxy (Hidgon).This rebel nature and cogency to see the world for the reality of what is can be seen through the actions and thoughts of its four male rebels Bernard Marx, Helmholtz Watson, John the Savage, and Mustapha Mondeach of whom has been driven in one way or another to question and to rebel against the not-to-be-questioned values of the Fordian/Freudian world of 632 A. F. Each of these men has wandered dangerously far into unorthodoxies that threaten the community, identity, and stability of the World State (Higdon).From this basis, Bernard is the commencement exercise male character to begin his rebellion when he realizes that there is something very wrong within their societythat everyone has been given memories from the hatchery ba sed on subliminal suggestions and not actual events. Moreover, many critics refer to this rebel nature as Huxleys response to early cinemait was far-reaching in its implications, recognizing cinemas stimulation of the automobile trunk as well as the mind and imagining cinemas potential to be either an instrument of social and political reform or a medium of cultural degeneracy (Frost).Indeed, Huxley considered music a powerful medium, once writing that the darkness of the theater, the monotonous music induce in the audience a kind of soporific state (Frost), exactly like Huxleys soma does to the characters. Further, Huxleys narrative form shows the individual in society, serves to heighten the sense of his helplessness and vulnerability (Ferns, 132). Moreover, Huxleys world is an unsettling, loveless and even sinister place. This is because Huxley endows his ideal society with features calculated to alienate his audience.Typically, reading BNW elicits the very same disturbing feeli ngs in the reader which the society it depicts has notionally vanquished not a sense of joyful anticipation. Huxley himself describes BNW as a nightmare (Pearce). Indeed, Huxley writes in his Forward that his work is a book about the future and, some(prenominal) its artistic or philosophical qualities, a book about the future can interest us only if its prophecies look as though they might conceivably come true (Huxley, ix).For his part, Huxley avoids any real technological advancements (like computers, aviation, or even the evolution of the automobile) within Brave New World, instead focusing on the evolution of the human being and the social cultural advancements that 600 years into the future might bring. More, Huxley writes that the only scientific advances to be specifically described are those involving the exertion to human beings of the results of future research in biology, physiology, and psychology (ix-x). Indeed, in choosing this form, Huxley has created a society th at could exist in the very near futureand not one 600 years distant.Further, it is only by means of the sciences of life that the quality of life can be radically changedthe people who govern the Brave New World may not be sanebut they are not madmen, and their aim is not anarchy but social stability. It is in order to come across stability that they carry out, by scientific means, the ultimate, personal, really revolutionary revolution (x). With this epiphany, Huxley made, for the first time, a purely utopian society in which it is not the technological advances that relegate the future of mankind, but it is mankind themselves who make it for themselves, for the good or for the bad.And it is this ideal that makes a frightening assumption for the future of mankind. 500 years into the future, sure enough Huxleys world could come into fruition, but, in an even more frightening realization, Huxleys world could come into society slowly, and within a period of decades, the current soci ety, in an attempt to create a more safe and stable life for its inhabitants, could instead transform into the dystopian world predicted in a Brave New World. Overall, Aldous Huxley, in a Brave New World demonstrates a dystopian future in which mankind is subjugated by the very message of being human.Where pleasure is a form of reinforcing punishment and sex is nothing more than an activity of the popular. The future that Huxley predicts is, in reality, a truth that every society may yet face. For, in removing the technological advances that mark many utopian works, Huxley has given the story over to human nature itself. And, in every future, there lies a culture where stability is the goaland in that ideal, a Brave New World is not so far advanced, after all. Works Cited. Booker, Keith M. The dystopian Impulse in Modern Literature Fiction as Social Criticism. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1994. Fjellman, Stephen M.Vinyl Leaves Walt Disney World and America. Boulder, CO Westview P ress, 1992. Frost, Laura. Huxleys Feelies The Cinema of Sensation in Brave New World. Twentieth Century Literature, 52. 4 (2006) 443+. Higdon, David Leon. The Provocations of Lenina in Huxleys Brave New World. International Fiction Review, (2002) 78+. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York petite Books, 1958. Ferns, Chris. Narrating Utopia Ideology, Gender, Form in Utopian Literature. Liverpool, England Liverpool UP, 1999. Pearce, David. Aldous Huxley A Brave New World. (2008). BLTC Research. 26 June 2009 .

To Be of Use

According to Confucius, You should treat others the way you want to be treated. Resembling Confucius golden rule, Harold Kushners Shalom The Quest for Integrity talks just rough a man who did something nigh(a), when lot didnt cypher he would. While Marge Piercy isnt writing about treating others a certain way, she is instead writing about macrocosm of good use. Harold Kushners text parallels Marge Piercys poem in the topic of existence of good use. Due to the length of the poem, she talks about people being of use. Harold Kushners text talks about people who were useful.On Monday night December 11, 1995, the fire at the textile mill changed a city. Many people of Lawrence, Massachusetts, were stressed about the economic impact from losing the textile mill due to the fire. However, the owner Aaron Feuerstein surprised everyone. People expected he would take advantage of the fire to extend to a more profitable location. Feuerstein announced that not only was he going to rebuil d the factory, merely also grazeers would receive three months of payroll, even though there was no work. Feuerstein is a special person, a man of integrity, are there few people with integrity?Maybe is the reason Blanchard joint author the book called The Power of Ethical Management, theres no right way to do a wrong thing, using the book as a plea to the business world. Directed to the people who do things to benefit themselves, but hurt others. Confucius states treat others the way you want to be treated ask yourself if you do harm to others, would you like it if someone did harm to you in the same way? No because many of us wouldnt many dont think about the consequences, or if it happened to themselves, before they do something. People commit wrong doing, to benefit themselves.When I hear politicians and preachers condemning the sinful ways of society almost them, I often agree with their criticisms, but I dont hear the pain in their voices. As stated in the text by Kushner , many people lead with falsehood, tricking others to believing that they are useful people of integrity, when in the end they really are not. Marge Piercys poem let ups her flavour of people who are useful. In the first verse, she has a high regard for people who throw enthusiasm into the work they do. She compares the people who throw enthusiasm into their work, to urine buffalo.That people who enjoy their work, with patience, will in the end receive good rewards. Rewards of satisfaction, the results of their hard work, are what they receive in return for tireless hard work. To Piercy, work is as common as mud work like mud smears the hand. But the thing worth doing well done, has a shape that satisfies, clean and evident, says Piercy in her poem. Piercys poem is more of a collection of opinions, the things that make a person useful. What she thinks useful people are like. Piercy has high regard for people who give care into their work.In past experience, and previous knowledge , people who work hard are reward, they move up in life. However people who dont brook integrity, who do harm eventually fail from life. Many people, who are successful, love their work they enjoy what they are doing with enthusiasm. Treating other with respect should gain you respect. Kushner discusses more about people who had integrity, who gave back, when no one expected them to. People who made themselves useful People who try to encourage people to be ethically positive. To change their tactics to help people not harm people. The benefits, and why people did the things they did.Then also the people who are false or true prophets. The people who speak true, but dont adhere to what they preach. Piercy, on the other had in contrast, expresses her opinion, on the factor of people being of use, having high regard for people who love working, being useful and enjoy their work. That their hard work would reward them. Piercys poem contrasts Kushners text, in terms of the directions they go. Kushner is indirectly talking about being of use but on the topic of people with integrity, and ethical standards. Piercy directly relates to the topic of to be use. The opinion of what she thinks people who are useful.

The Elasticity of Business Ethics

Running head The Elasticity of mortalal credit line morals The Elasticity of transaction Ethics Abstract Given the competitiveness in the world market, some argon tempted to go outside of the rules and regulations of bon ton in order to delineate ahead. Although many would like to think that qualities such as honesty and credibility are first and foremost in the minds of people, temptations defecate lured some to act irresponsibly to get more of the almighty dollar. Recent indignations have proven that good ethical and moral values are becoming more the exception rather than the rule.This sight willing address the happening ethical and moral questions What is ethics and morality in seam. How far have we come as a country in relation to melodic phrase organisation ethics? Why smart set is becoming more aware of unified behavior? What measures are taken by businesses to become a better corporate citizen? Business practices came under fire when Americas seventh largest firm, Enron, collapsed due to unethical accounting strategies. I feel this created a domino effect and was the source of our current crisis.Now there are companies folding one after the opposite, large organizations in the US collapsed or filed for bankruptcy c over and one causa even implicated the famous home economist, Martha Stewart for insider trading. The various deceitful activities of some larger companies resulted in widespread public mistrust of business practices and principles. This paper will concentrate on some of the ethical and moral issues that essential(prenominal) be addressed when trying to understand the state business ethics. 1. What is ethics and morality and how do they relate? 2. What happened in business ethics before the sixties to the present time? . What are factors that could change ones keep an eye ons of a business ethical behavior? 4. What are interactions between business and society that alter societal expectations? What is ethics and mora lity and how they relate? When considering the difference between ethics and morals, consider what a criminal abnegation lawyer does for a client. Though the lawyers personal moral code likely finds murder immoral and reprehensible, ethics demand the accused be defended to the best of his ability even when the lawyer knows the party is guilty and that a freed defendant would potentially lead to more crime.Legal ethics must nullification personal morals for the greater good of upholding our justice system in which the accused are given a fairish trial and the prosecution must prove the accused guilt. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality. Ethics is concerned with distinguishing between the good and evil in the world, between right and wrong piece actions, and between virtuous and nonvirtuous characteristics of people. Ethics means thinking critically about your actions and about their motives and their consequences (Dictionary. com, 2009).Do I want to be an h onest, honorable, spiritual, respectful, or loving person? You might hold an ethical position that its wrong to lie. A time may arise where it may be necessary to bend the truth or sometimes tell a white lie. For example, if you have plans to deploy to Iraq on a sensitive mission and you want to keep your trip a secret for obvious reasons. If someone asks you about those plans, you may need to lie to protect the integrity of the mission. When it comes to making ethical decisions, I take into account my rattling personal feeling that there is a principle greater than myself.With that said, morality is the subset of ethics dealing in the philosophical study of interpersonal relations and their ethical implications. It has to do with the critical analysis of our roles in society, our duties and rights. Morals are not personal decisions, except in whether you agree with them or not. Morals are rules that a group has decided are best for that group. (Borade, G, 2009). Americans have sev eral versions of what is moral and immoral, Catholics have lists of sins, Christians have the Ten Commandments, Buddhists has a set and so forth. You may strongly agree with them, or trongly oppose them, but they still exist, and people will judge your conduct against them whether you agreed with them or not. Building on these definitions, we can draw to develop a concept of business ethics. Business ethics can be defined as written and unwritten codes of principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company (Simpson, C, 2004). Business ethics boils down to knowing the difference between right and wrong and choosing to do what is right. The phrase business ethics can be used to describe the actions of individuals within an organization, as well as the organization as a whole (Lovetoknow. om, 2009). What happened in business ethics before the 1960s to the present time? Now that we have defined terms, we can now discuss the progression of business ethics in the U nited States over the years. The study of ethics in North America has evolved through five distinct stages (1) Before 1960, (2) the 1960s, (3) the mid-seventies, (4) the 1980s and 1990s to present (Ferrell, 2008). Business Ethics forward to 1960 Prior to 1960, the United States questioned the concept of capitalism. The 1920s brought about the living wage through the progressive movement.In the 1930s came the New Deal, which blamed business for the countrys economic woes and businesses where asked to work more closely with government to raise family income. By the 1950s, the New Deal evolved into the Fair Deal by President Truman which addressed gracious rights and environmental responsibility as ethical issues that businesses had to address. Until 1960, ethical related issues were addressed in religious institutions of all faiths. Religious leaders raised questions about fair wages, labor practices, and the morality of capitalism.Religion applied its moral concepts to business as well as government, politics, the family, personal life, and all other aspects of life (Ferrell, 2008). Business Ethics in the 1960s During the 1960s, the antibusiness attitude emerged as critics attacked the vested interests that controlled the economic and political side of society, the so called military-industrial complex. The 1960 saw the crumbling of the inner cities and the growth of environmental problems such as poisonous and nuclear pollution and waste disposal. A rise in consumerism by individuals, groups, and organizations began to protect their rights as consumers.In 1962, President John F. Kennedy delivered a Special nitty-gritty on Protecting the Consumer Interest where he outlined the four basic consumer rights the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, and the right to be heard. These four rights subsequently came to be know as the Consumers Bill of Rights. After Kennedy came Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society, which extended national capitalism and let the business community know that the government would be responsible for providing the citizens with a degree of economic stability, equality, and kindly justice.Any business practice that could destabilize the economy or discriminate any class of citizen began to be viewed as unethical and unlawful (Ferrell, 2008). Business Ethics in the 1970s In the 1970, business ethics developed as a field of study. Business professors began to teach and write about corporate social responsibility. Companies became more concerned with their public images and realized that they had to address ethical issues more directly. The Nixon Administrations Watergate scandal brought attention to the importance of an ethical government.The Foreign Corrupt Act was passed during the Carter administration, making it illegal to for U. S. businesses to bribe government officials of other countries. Numerous ethical issues emerged during the late 1970s such as bribery, deceptive advertising, p roduct safety, and the environment issues. Business ethics became a common expression and researchers sought to identify ethical issues and describe how businesspeople might act in a situation (Ferrell, 2008). Business Ethics in the 1980s In the 1980s, business ethics is acknowledged as a field of study.Five hundred courses in business ethics were offered at colleges across the country. Leading companies such as General Electric, Chase Manhattan, General Motors, Atlantic Richfield, Caterpillar, and S. C. Johnson and Son, Inc viewed business ethics as a major concern. The Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct (DII) was developed to guide corporate support for ethical conduct. The DII established a method for discussing best practices and tactics to link organizational practices and insurance to successful ethical compliance.In the 1980s, the Reagan-Bush eras brought about the policy of self-regulation rather than regulation by government. Tariffs and trade barrie rs were lifted and businesses merged. Corporations that were once nationally bases began operating internationally. The rules of business were changing at an alarming rate due to few government regulation imposed during the Reagan-Bush era (Ferrell, 2008). Business Ethics in the 1990s In the 1990s, President Clinton continued to support self-regulation and free trade.However, it also took unparalleled government action to deal with health issues. These issues included restricting cigarette advertising, banning vending machine sales and banning the use cigarette tidings during sporting events. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organization (FSGO) was established by telling and set the tone for organizational ethnical compliance programs in the 1990s. FSGO broke new plant by rewarding and penalizing companies for their ethical compliance programs. Even though the FSGO has made enormous strides it will not be enough to prevent serious penalties.Companies must develop cooperate values, enforce its own code of ethics, and strive to prevent ethical misconduct (Ferrell, 2008). Business Ethics in the 21st century Although business ethics in the 1990s appeared to be an institutionalized concept, evidence emerged in the 2000s that business executives and managers had not fully embraced the public desire for high ethical standards. bingle such executive, Dennis Kozlowski, former CEO of Tyco, was indicted on thirty-eight counts of embezzling $170 million of Tyco funds and netting $430 million from improper sales of stock. generator Anderson, a hulky Five accounting firm, was convicted of obstruction-of-justice conviction for shredding documents related to its role as Enrons auditor. The reputation of the firm was destroyed and lost all their clients and eventually went out of business. Author Anderson was also questioned for their involvement in audits involving Halliburton, WorldCom, Global Crossing, Dynegy, Qwest, and Sunbeam for their questionable accounting practices. These examples of misconduct increased public demand for improved standards in business.In 2002, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which made securities fraud a criminal offense and strengthened penalties for corporate fraud. It created an accounting oversight board for greater transparency in financial reports to investors and other interested parties. Top executives are required to sign off on their firms financial reports. Company executives must now disclose stock sales now and prohibits companies from giving loans to top managers. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the FSGO have institutionalized the need for top manager to discover and address ethical and legal risk.Business leaders should view that ethical misconduct as the greatest danger to their companies. Ethical disasters can be damaging to companys reputation and will significantly have an effect on their bottom line (Ferrell, 2008). What are factors that could change ones views of a business ethical behavior? In todays uncertain business environment, traumatized by countless corporate scandals has brought a lot of attention to the social and ethical practices of business. The highly televised, Enron scandal was exposed when the company filed for bankruptcy.The degree of fraud impacting investors, employees, and others became known to the public. Business criticism is more prevalent than ever because people are more affluent, educated, and better inform because of the access to information. Twenty-four hour news coverage, fact-finding news programs, the internet, the revolution of rising entitlement mentality, the rights movement, and a philosophy of victimization. Businesses now, more than ever, must realize that there is a more informed society and businesses are creation watched (Buchholtz, 2009).What interactions between business and society alter societal expectations? Business is increasingly held to greater standards of social performance, reflecting an imbalance between its tra ditional conduct and the expectations of society. A plenty commitment to its social responsibilities will go a long way to shape societal approval. There are four levels commitment in social responsibilities. First and foremost, economically, businesses strive to make a profit, maximize stakeholder wealth and value, create jobs for the community, and create goods and services to the economy.Legally abide by all laws and government regulations. Ethically, follow standards of ethical of acceptable behavior as judged by stakeholders or any one other interested party. Finally, philanthropic responsibilities refer to activities not required of business but promote human welfare or goodwill. In my opinion, this level of commitment has the greatest impact on societys view of a company (Ferrell, 2008). The uses of these levels of responsibilities are attempts by businesses to meet societal expectations and become a better corporate citizen.In conclusion, understanding the meaning of ethics and morality and how they relate is important when trying to understand why people act or react in a given situation. Knowing how business ethics has evolved over the years and how far we still must go to create a happy median between business and society.. As technology becomes more available, society is more aware of corporate social responsibility. With this information, consumers are better able to make informed discussions on which companies to do businesses with.Finally, economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic interactions between business and society will alter societal expectations of a business good or bad. References Buchholtz, C. (2009). Business and Society Ethics and Stakeholder Management. (7th Edittion ed. , pp. 3-7). International South-Western. Ferrell, F. F. (2008). Business Ethics Ethical finality Making and Cases. (7th Edition ed. , pp. 11-14). Boston, New York Houghton Mifflin Company. Simpson, C. (2004, October). Should I or Shouldnt I? An Ethical Conundr um. Retrievedfamily 23, 2009, from http//ebscohost. com http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=lfh&AN=14597954&site=ehost-live Dictionary. com. (2009). Retrieved September 3, 2009, from Dictionary. com http//dictionary. reference. com LoveToKnow. com. (2009). Retrieved September 3, 2009, from LoveToKnow. com http//business. lovetoknow. com/wiki/A_Definition_for_Business_Ethics Borade, G. (2009, March 24). Difference between Ethics and Morality. Retrieved September 22, 2009, from buzzle. com http//www. buzzle. com/articles/difference- ethics-and-morality. html

Managerial Level and Skill Essay

1. DESCRIBE THE MANAGERIAL LEVEL & MANAGERIAL SKILL IN HOSPITAL disposal MANAGMENT.Management is an art of getting things done through others. It is organized efforts so as to achive the predeterminedgoal. It is continuous process made up of various functions like think , organization , controlling , directing. A manager is person who is responsible for getting work done through people so he must see some cleverness managerial skilland levels managerial levels Managerial levels In management there r three broad levels they are1. First epithelial duct or junior management2. Middle management3. Top managmentFirst line management This is lowermost level which directs non managerial employers in other say called supervisors Middle management This level is important and responsible level which direct activities of junior managers and employee. Top management Overall management of organization is take premeditation by this level. They are referred as chairman, president , vice pr esident , chief executive officers , managing directors . Role of this peoples is to establish policies , strategies co-ordinate activities and guide peoples.Managerial skill aptitude can be defined as an ability to translate knowledge into actions. Henri fayol has define three managerial skill seems to be necessary in managers. 3 types of skills are needed by managers,1. Human relation skills,2. abstract skills,3. Technical skills.Human skill Human relation skills are skills associated with a managers ability to work well with others, both as a member of a group and as a leader who gets things done.Conceptual skill Conceptual skills are skills related to the ability to visualize the organization as a whole, discern relationships among organizational parts, and understand how the organization fits into the wider context of the industry, community and world.Technical skill Technical skills are skills that reflect both an understanding of and proficiency in a specialized field. This is necessary for supervisors or lower level management.

The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnold’s “Culture and Anarchy”

The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnolds Culture and Anarchy Culture, as defined by Matthew Arnold in his essay Culture and Anarchy, is the drive to attain perfection through develop handst and growth bolstered by knowledge and appreciation of the beauty of humanity. Granted, this is an oversimplification of Arnolds complex musings on what finale is, but this broad concept of culture, here, is useful in the discussion of the role of the individual in society.Ideally, for Arnold, those that perpetuate this idea of culture are the same people who ought to comprise a kind of rational control within the State. Arnold works to define the three classes of 19th century England (Barbarians, Philistines, and Populace), and makes it clear, interest his conditions for culture, that none of the classes have the appropriate means to govern properly. Arnold says, It seeks to do away with classes to make the best that has been thought and known in the world current everywhere. Ostensibly, it is up to the individual to transcend their class, and nurture the State in a utilitarian fashion. However, the chasm between the maturation of the individual and the ultimate betterment of the community seems daunting. Arnolds rarefied culture originates with the individual, as it is a study of perfection, which is an inward condition of the mind and spirit. Yet, Perfection, as culture conceives it, is not possible while the individual remains isolated, because, it is necessary, in order to obtain a collective perfection, that there be a ready exchange of ideas and sense of commonality.How can the potential danger of isolation via identity be curbed? Additionally, Arnold is aware that a weighty facet of individualism is that people are concerned with, and believe in, having their individual(prenominal) freedomsthe right to do what one likes. This assumption of personal freedom can, according to Arnold, lead to anarchy. It looks, then, as if there must be a balance between the i ndividuals duty to himself, and duty to others.Indeed, Arnold contends, the men of culture are the true apostles of equality, at once extolling the potential of the individual, while maintaining the importance of a level society. However, these individuals cannot be ordinary, but must exemplify Arnolds idea of the best self, or, the individual who is united, rather than at odds, with others. The people that can become their best self are persons who are mainly led, not by their class spirit, but by a general humane spirit, by the love of human perfection. Here, the concept of the individual and the community can be reconciled, although the susceptibility of one to completely transcend societal structures is idealistic. This idealism, for Arnold, is transferred to the art of his contemporaries. Regarding 19th century England, Arnold states, Each section of the public has its own literary organ, and the mass of the public is without both suspicion that the value of these organs is r elative to their being nearer a certain ideal centre of correct information, taste, and intelligence, or farther away from it. As Arnold depicts Englands current situation, it is clear that he believes that publications, like individualsor as the product of individualsshould embody an ideal cultural universality. In looking at the literature of Victorian England, is it possible that there are any works, which would satisfy Arnolds criteria for cultural harmony?

Mm Approach

Qus4. What argon the assumptions of MM approach? Ans. Assumption of the MM approach The MM approach to irrelevance of divid peculiarity is ground on the following assumptions * The capital markets are perfect and the investors be energise rationally. * All information is freely available to all the investors. * There is no transaction cost. * Securities are divisible and can be split into any fraction. No investor can affect the market price. * There are no taxes and no flotation cost. The incorruptible has a defined investment polity and the future profits are known with certainty. The implication is that the investment decisions are unaffected by the dividend decision and the operate cash flows are same no matter which dividend policy is adopted. The model Under the assumptions stated above, MM argue that neither the firm paying dividends nor the shareholders receiving the dividends leave behind be adversely affected by firms paying either too little or too much dividends.They have used the arbitrage demonstrate to show that the division of profits between dividends and retained earnings is irrelevant from the point of view of the shareholders. They have shown that given the investment opportunities, a firm will finance these either by ploughing back profits of if pays dividends, then will raise an equal amount of new share capital outwardly by selling new shares. The amount of dividends paid to existing shareholders will be replaced by new share capital raised externally.In order to live up to their model, MM has started with the following valuation model. P0= 1* (D1+P1)/ (1+ke) Where, P0 = Present market price of the share Ke = Cost of equity share capital D1 = Expected dividend at the end of year 1 P1 = Expected market price of the share at the end of year 1 With the help of this valuation model we will stimulate a arbitrage process, i. e. , replacement of amount paid as dividend by the issue of fresh capital.The arbitrage process involves two simultaneous actions. With reference to dividend policy the two actions are * Payment of dividend by the firm * Rising of fresh capital. With the help of arbitrage process, MM have shown that the dividend payment will not have any effect on the lever of the firm. Even if the firm pays dividends, resulting in a increase in market value of the share, the effect on the value of the firm will be neutralised by the decrease in terminal value of the share.

Alaotra Grebe

M each of our wetlands today house our animals so they may cuss and accommodate our resources so we may survive. We treat this land cargonlessly polluting it and not becoming aw atomic number 18 of our damages until it is too former(a).This is notably true by the modern acknowledges extinguishing of the Alaotra grebe. The Birdlife International announced its extinction in May and how the introduction of alien fish to the wetlands killed off the species. We must learn from the extinction of the Alaotra grebe and prevent separate species from this destiny of life.Alaotra GrebeThe Alaotra grebe, scientifically known as Tachybaptus rufolavatus of the Madagascan wetlands joins the list of the Five Great Extinctions in the history of the planet Earth. The bird species was last spotted in 1985 and it has now been confirmed to be extinct (Walker, 2010).Scientists claim that the Alaotra Grebe is the first extinction that has been caused by man and therefore becomes the sixth great extinct ion to be record in the history of the earth (Wu, 2010). The other five earlier extinctions include the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction that swept the dinosaurs from the face of the Earth (McCarthy, 2010). This extinction was characterized by 75 share of the species being wiped out in the last 65 million years (McCarthy, 2010).A meteorite that hit the earth is suggested to have resulted to this great catastrophe. Another example of extinctions was the Triassic-Jurassic extinction which occurred in about 205 million years agone and a number of non-dinosaur species got wiped (McCarthy, 2010). The dinosaurs were then left with minimal terrestrial competition. The last 251 million years also byword the vanishing of 96 percent of marine species and an additional 70 percent of land species (McCarthy, 2010).This extinction was known as the Permina-Triassic or The Great Dying. Another prolonged extinction, the late Devonian took over 2 decades from 360 to 375 million years ago (McCarthy, 2010). The fifth extinction, the Ordovidician-Silurian was recorded as the second worst of all extinctions and it happened between 440 and 450 million years ago (McCarthy, 2010).Alaotra grebe was a medium sized rusty-colored bird which inhabited Lake Alaotra and areas surrounding Madagascar. The bird was thought of having problems flying for long distances perhaps because of having tiny wings. The bird lived sedentary in the first place inhabiting the lakes and the surrounding ponds. The Alaotra grebes started vanishing in 1980s when only 12 birds were spotted at Lake Alaotra in December 1982. In September 1985, two birds were spotted in Lake Alaotra more or less Andreba.Afterwards in 1985, 1986 and 1988, some of the birds sharing same characteristics with Alaotra grebe were spotted although these birds were just thought to be hybrids of grebe and another(prenominal) species. Experts made surveys and visits to Lake Alaotra in 1999 and 2000 but never found any species of grebe or any of the birds of the genus Tachybaptus. This was an indication of full extinction since there have not been any direct observations that have been made on the species.Chances of having the birds surviving at present are negligible since recent visits to Lake Amparihinandriamabavy which is near Lake Alaotra have shown no evidence of the grebe species surviving. As a result, officials of BirdLife International announced that the bird was extinct and tell that the species be included in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of the Five Great Extinction (McCarthy, 2010).This extinction is yet another whip to environmental economics as scarce resources such as biodiversity keep vanishing from our wetlands. In the future, these resources will no more be seen by our children as more extinction continues to take place. Birds form an important part of our environments in sustaining the food web and acting as tourist attractions thus earning income. The va nishing of Alaotra grebe means that these benefits are no more going to be realized in the future.Madagascar and Environmental EconomicsThe Madagascar wetlands form an essential site for birds as well as other biodiversity. The wetlands are a source of food and water to the Madagascan populations and to millions of people globally. However, these wetlands are very fragile environments and can be polluted and disturbed easily as in the case of Madagascar (Wu, 2010).Madagascar has been an example so that the world can learn that human actions on biodiversity can have grave consequences to the environment and the world thrift (Wu, 2010). Elsewhere in Cuba, people introduced alien species and the Zapata rail is feared of extinction (Patt, 2010). The introduction of exotic fish and mongooses has had serious impacts on the Zapata rail and joins the Madagascan case of Alaotra grebe extinction (McCarthy, 2010).Fishermen in Madagascar are blamed to have caused the serious environmental dama ge by covering much of the lake with nylon nets. The monofilament nylon nets have the potential of killing diving waterbirds. season the fishermen in Madagascar introduced the nets after significant extinction of Alaotra grebe had occurred, this action is blamed to have led to further extinction of the remaining grebe species.The goal of the government in Madagascar as well as in the entire world in the protection of biodiversity has been missed. According to policy makers and scientists, the vanishing of the rusty-colored bird, Tachybaptus rufolavatus was due to the failure of the government of Madagascar to prioritize an important thought of conservation of the delicate and sensitive biodiversity.The extinction of the grebe species has significant effect to the countrys economy. It can be said that the plan for the people of Madagascar to have more fish by killing the grebe species was a missed target.While it is a common practice for governments to check for solutions that will mitigate pests and diseases affecting the fish industry, the introduction of carnivorous fish was a missed target according to Gross and Williams (2010). The economists may agree that the action was reasonable as the fish pests were eliminated but the same line of descent must be exposed to political and ethical criticism.It however seems that nothing makes people persuaded other than fiscal gain and the people of Madagascar were easily lured with financial benefits. As a consequence, the helpless grebe species continued to be decreased to extinction level for the sake of money obtained from fish trading.Environmental economists in deed differ from other financial economists in one aspect the valuing of biodiversity among all other benefits. While the actions to kill the birds using nylon gillnets and drowning them could result to more fish as the competition pressure would be reduced, environmental economists would view this as a loss to the entire biodiversity.The importance of wild nature for societies and industries is frequently mentioned as a political argument and an additional interest to protect our biodiversity. It was necessary for the government of Madagascar to have this approach of environmental economists to save the dear bird species Alaotra grebe.

Rhetorical Modes

Associate Program Material Appendix C rhetorical Modes Matrix Rhetorical modes ar methods for forcefulnessively communicating by dint of language and writing. Complete the following map to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least 2 tips for writing for each one type of rhetorical de ungodliness. Rhetorical Mode Purpose inform when or why Structure Explain what organizational Provide 2 tips for writing in each rhetorical mode is used. method works better with each rhetorical mode. each rhetorical mode. news report The purpose of a narration is Narrations are usually best told in First ask yourself if you motive to tell stories. Narrations sack up chronological society. Chronological order is to write about fiction or be factual or fictional, either the order in which events are told from non-fiction. way, they should engage the beginning to end. Start with a strong readers emotionally. introdu ction to hook your readers. An illustration clearly The structure that works best with an First watch on an kindle Illustration demonstrates and supports a illustration is by order of importance. Order stem. point through the use of of importance is the organizational method Gather evidence that works in evidence. that arranges ideas by order of importance. conjunction with your subject and also engages the audience. Description The purpose of description in Descriptive trys are best told by spatial Choose a subject that you wish writing is to make sure the order. spatial order is the arrangement of to describe, such as a person, readers are fully in tune with ideas establish on physical characteristics or place, or event. the terms on the page. appearance. Fill every part of your demonstrate with full vivid sensory details, which include alll of the five senses. Classification The purpose of classification isClassification essays are organ ized by its Choose a return you know a lot to break bundle wide ranging subcategories. It begins with an introductionabout. The more you know about subjects into smaller, more that introduces the broader topic and then a topic the easier it exit be specific and manageable parts. the thesis should include how and why the to break down into groups. topic is divided into subcategories and why. Make sure you break down each topic into three different ways, it will help you to think more originally . Process The purpose of demonstrate analysis A process analysis essay is usually organizedYou want to choose a topic that analysis is to justify how something by chronological order. The steps of the is interesting, complex, and works and how to do something. process are told by the order in which they can be conveyed in a series of occur. steps. Choose a process that you know healthy enough to describe the finer details in each step of the process . Definition The purpose of a definition A definition essay is organized by opening Choose a word or phrase complex essay is to define a topic in a with a general description of the term you enough to write about at length detailed and instructive manner. are defining. Then, you use your definition or of personal revelance to be of the term as your thesis.You should also considered loving and use details and examples for the body, and interesting. then tie in all the elements of the term and The context of the term affects reinforce your thesis to conclude your essay. the meaning and the definition. Compare and The purpose of a compare and Compare and contrast essays can be organized The thesis should clearly contrast contrast essay is to analyze twoby the subjects themselves, starting signal one then convey why the subjects are subjects that either compares orthe other, or by their individual points, macrocosm compared or contrasted contrasts them or does both. which discusses each subject in regards to and what will be in condition(p) from each point. it. Use phrase of comparison or contrast to let readers know how the subjects are being analyzed. Cause and Cause and effect essays There are two key ways that cause and effect Choose an event that has an effect determine how various events essays are organized. The first way is by interesting cause and effect are related. beginning with the cause and then the effect relationship, and introduce it or vice versa, you can begin with the effect in an engaging way. and then the cause. Clearly explain and support the causes and effect you discuss with a wide range of evidence. Persuasion The purpose of persuasion is to A persuasion essay is made up of five A thesis that clearly conveys motivate, convince or sway feature of speechs. The first feature is the the opinion of the writer in readers to a certain point of introduction and thesis. Th e second feature clear, consise terms makes for view or opinion. is opposing and qualifying ideas. a better argument than one that The tertiary feature is strong evidence in is vague. support of the claim. Be careful of the use of I in The fourth feature is the style and tone of your writing, because it can the language you are using. Lastly, is a make you count overly biased and compelling conclusion. it takes away from the topic at hand.

My Christian Way of Life Essay

I would not start this personal screwvas by saying that I am a heartfelt Christian and that I love portion people or something to that effect. I am a Christian however, I am not the devout type. I do not regularly attend church gatherings. I do not really engage in community services or avoid vices. My moral beliefs were first cultivated by my parents teaching. They are devout Catholic, so it is reasonable to conclude that Jesus Christ is the most influential philosopher in my life. It is because of Him that I am able to walk through life confidently and accept different challenges.I am against violence and vengeance because He has taught us to forgive. Nevertheless, I still break my own phantasmal doubts and questions approximately life and about being a Christian. I also consider myself as a victim of popular culture who has the tendency to get easily influenced by unreasonable circumstances. I am skeptical most of the time which is why I am convinced that Pepperdine is the most fitting university which underside cater my needs for spiritual buildment. The fact that George Pepperdine did not mean for any of the universitys students to become full-pledged or devout Christians is what attracts me most in the universitys mission.It interest me not because I do not wish to become strictly dictated by Christian determine but because in this critical horizontal surface of my life, I believe that I need all the freedom to make my own choices so I can later ponder about them and reflect on my own life. At a puppyish age, a person must be allowed to burst his or her own spirituality by his or her own means. This way, this person can become more than experienced and driven to arrive to what he or she believes is the truth about ones spiritual being. If one would analyze ones milieu closely, it is evident that we live in a material world.Everything that our eyes conceive is physically material. On the contrary, I believe that there is much more in this w orld than earthly things. The world is a cause that we need to piece togethera problem that we need to solve. However, it is a problem unsolvablea problem too complex and beyond comprehension. Yet, we can only see the world as much(prenominal) if we close our eyes from superficiality and open them to greater extents. Simply put, the world is merely an illusion that we soak up created to fulfill our sightand the only way to avoid being fully blinded by it is to develop our own spirituality.A person who aspires to accomplish a developed spiritual being must strike how to act in his or her own accord. Religion can be quite pressuring at times, which can even cause a person to lose his way. However, if one is given enough leeway to discover everything on his or her own, this person becomes more responsible in choosing the right path without any intuitive feeling of rebellion or being forced. I am confident that through the guidance of a university which values Christianity, I can be come more disciplined and responsible in discovering the spiritual aspect of my life.I do not usually attend Sunday church but I honestly have my so-called personal relationship with God. I am more comfortable in talking to Him like a confidant who is always ready and available to listen than repeating prayers everyday. George Pepperdine is right. Maybe I am not fully aware yet of what is the real Christian way of life. Maybe personal relationship with God is not enough to be called a true Christian. Maybe it includes so much more than just a relationship. I guess I am not that confident yet about my own spirituality which is more than just a reason enough for me to become accepted in this university.

Communication and Proffesional Relationships Essay

1 Information from supporting training & acquisition n schools by Louise Burnham To establish respectful, professional human relationships with children and young people you should adapt your behaviour and chat accordingly. You should overly be able to show that you are approachable and able to work in an purlieu of mutual support. When working with children or young people, it is important to earn their trust to enable an honest relationship to develop. This can usu tout ensembley be done by ensuring that your behaviour is professional, relationship and fair at any times. Children of all ages, cultures and abilities must feel secure and valued. In order to get these relationships correct from the start you should all discuss rules and how they will be important when working together. Always respect others at the beginning and retrieve that this is crucial, start by talking about how you are going to work together and what each separate wants out of it.This will enable that you develop a mutually respectful relationship. All of teachers / assistants need to be aware of the kinds of issues which are vital to pupils and always be able to take time in talking these through when necessary. To show children they are part of the school community you should positively communicate and involve pupils. This so far is not the same as giving pupils attention when they demand it HOW TO BEHAVE APPROPRIATELY FOR A tiddler OR YOUNG PERSONS STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT 1.2 Information from supporting teaching & learning in schools by Louise Burnham and internet. Communication with children and young people differs across different age groups and layers of development, which may collect varying levels of attention at different times. The younger the child, the more reassurance is required, especially when first starting school.They also may need to have more physical contact as a result. As children mother more mature, they may require more help with talking through issues and reflecting their thoughts. For ensample, in Key stage 1 the manner in which I communicate in is being more adapted, to come rarify to the childs level of speaking and repeat what is said for them until it is clearly understood. Where as a child in key stage 3 or 4 the language is utilise informally and formally depending on their confidence to communicate what they think and as technology as evolved emails and text are used as a form of communion. To have patience, act sensitively and take care with children who havecommunication difficulties, as they will need a lot more time to record and comprehend what the parturiency in hand is. alike to feel a reassurance that they dont feel pressurized when speaking. Some children or young people may not have many opportunities to speak or may be anxious or nervous. The level of communication is adapted to the needs of the individual.For example, if they have a speech disorder, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as a stammer, which make s it difficult for them to speak aloud, then extra time should be allowed, for them to collect their thoughts. Also trying not to finish their sentences, or guess what they are trying to say, to give the child license of their speech, to encourage self-esteem and confidence. HOW TO DEAL WITH DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE . 1.3 Disagreements between children and their peers will often occur regularly and teachers or assistants will have to deal with these situations. This can happen in the classroom further is usually in the playground or while having lunch. It is rattling important for pupils to know that you have listened to their watch over in what has happened.Always make sure you hear from all sides of the story and find out on the dot what has happened from the beginning. Then you should decide whether anyone was in the wrong and if apologies are required or any further steps. For example referral to head teacher. Children and young people should also be able to understand how their own feelings may enchant their behaviour and this might have to be discussed. For example saying to a child I understand you are upset today because you could not do baking today will help them joining between emotion and behaviour.This will able them to understand how to think about others. An effective way of further children to understand and respect others feelings is discussing this as a whole class or making it an activity such as circle time. Circle time is very effective for older children however very young children may not be able to sit for a length of time and be able to wait for their turn before speaking out. Some schools use strategies such as the keynote justice programme. Which is taken from the criminal justice system and have worked well as a method acting of resolving behaviour issues.

Compare, Contrast, and Evaluate Plato and Aristotle on human Well-being Essay

Platos ethics concerning well- be arise from the end of the discussion on cleanice where Thrasymachus articulates that righteousice is in event merely a social contract whereby people agree non to inflict harm on others in return for non cosmos harmed. Out of this rises the question well if this is all in all justice is, if it is however preferable for its consequences, In this case the avoidance of harm, then why shouldnt I cheat? If I enured up get away with it why wouldnt star cheat?Now follows the Gyges story, Glaucon puts it to Plato that if two men, genius whom leads a life of celibacy and one who doesnt, acquired a mobilise that could turn you invisible, even the pious while would non be able to resist acting im morally so therefore people ar not actually virtuous, more just scared of the consequences of not organism so. This is making the point that no part is so virtuous that he could resist the temptation of being able to steal at will by the rings p ower of invisibility. In modern terms, Glaucon still argues that morality is a social construction, whose source is the desire to up hold ones reputation for meritoriousness and veracity when that sanction is removed, the moral character would evaporate.However Plato disagrees, he thinks the truly virtuous man would act morally and be happy and at peace with himself, even when the outcome may not be key outn as in their best interests e.g. loss of reputation when sentenced to death Socrates had the chance to escape and go and live in another place but he refused to because it would be wrong to obey the laws of the land only when they suit you, so he stayed and was killed. For Plato this is not only the right thing to do but he would go as far to say that he would be happier dying virtuous than animated having broken the law. Although I think this should not be taken as he enjoyed his actual death quite an there was a certain content dignified air about it, as done living a vi rtuous life he had reached eudemonia because for Plato lawfulness is sufficient for kind-hearted well being.Then to illustrate the essential of what Plato is utter a second ring is added, and it is put to Plato that if both men had a ring, one just and one unjust, and the unjust man carries out his unjust activities but is clever enough to disguise it and up holds his reputation for being a moral citizen so therefore gets away un punished however conversely the just man whom has been virtuous in all his actions is misunderstood and crucified for being unjust and his reputation soiled. Is Plato saying even in this case it is still better to be the just man?Plato explicitly maintains that yes it is, and uses this poser to show that if it is the most beneficial and right thing to do in this situation then I essentialiness follow that it is the most beneficial and right thing to do in all situations. only why is it the most beneficial? Why should people be just, Plato believes t hat it is d declare to the tri-partite nature of the soul if things are not in the right balance then it becomes a matter of damaging your mental health. Plato believes that justice is gratifying in itself not merely because of its consequences.The purpose of valet de chambre life is to live virtuously. The end that all virtuous beings should aim at to be in union with the form of the good, this is the way of achieving the highest form of human social welfare. In roam to live virtuously one essential get justice in the soul. justness in the soul put up only be endow when the tripartite elements are in consummate harmony when former is ruling over spirit and spirit is controlling desires or appetites wisdom can be seen to pay off the rational part of the soul and courage parallels the spirited part of the soul with athletic field existing in controlling desires. When the soul is in balance only then can virtue be exercised and human well-being achieved.Plato states that i t is impossible for one to be happy if justice is not present in the soul and put forward this argument to illustrate why the unjust mans life leads to misery. Plato believes that the despot is the most unhappy of people because he is in a impersonate of slavery and has no actual freedom, he is ruled and governed by passion and surrounded by enemies. Due to being dominated by passion his main aim is to seek pleasure. Plato argues that each of the three parts of the soul corresponds to a diametrical type of pleasureRational- Gains pleasure in seeking the truth.Spirited- Gains pleasure out of achievement and honour.Appetitive- Gains pleasure through the empirical senses, e.g. sex/drink/food.The tyrant thinks that his pleasure is the best type, this can also be verbalise for the oligarch and the philosopher, however Plato claims that only the philosophers assertion can be the real truth for he has experience all types of pleasure and is therefore in the best position to regulate .when the whole mind accepts the leadership of the philosophic part, and there is no internal conflict, then each part can do its job and be moral in everything it does, and in particular it can enjoy its own pleasures and thus reaps as lots benefit from pleasure as is possible (586)But if the mind is controlled by either the spirited or appetitive elements it is not possible for it to attain its own correct pleasure and begins to coerces the other two elements to lease in false happiness, so far as that appetitive desires are farthest removed from reason and therefore law and order, and the tyrant is then farthest removed from mans true and proper pleasure so therefore cannot achieve well being and leads to the most of unhappy lives.So because justice is now desirable in itself and for its consequences its not a case of why should I do it, for Plato you act justly for its own sake.So how would the just man know what actions are virtuous and which are not This is where the theory of the forms can be introduced, according to Plato we live in a world of appearances of which we cognise through perception, appearances are temporary, changing, undependable and subject to doubt. Although Plato also believed that there is an infallible, eternal, unchanging realm the realm of the forms. The forms are independent of the mind metaphysical entities as real as anything we cognise through are empirical senses.So in order for one to posses any true knowledge then one mustiness adjudge access to the forms. In order to know what courage is one must know the form of courage so that when decision making if a particular act is courageous you can compare the form with the act and see if they have anything in common. Upon gathering this information you are now and only after consulting the form, in a position to obtain an objectively correct answer. Does this mean that those whom dont have access to the forms of the virtues cannot be virtuous and in turn not achieve well-bei ng?So in summary one must have the soul in the correct balance this is the necessary and sufficient clause for well being and why is this the case because of the tri-partite nature of the soul.Aristotles ethics are very similar to that of Platos, sharing evident similarities but also about differences. For Aristotle human-well being can also be translated as Eudemonia (flourishing). In defy one Aristotle states that that every art, every investigation and similarly every action and pursuit is aimed at close to good and that happiness is an activity of the soul according to virtue.As an early virtue theorist Aristotle believes a person should be judged on their character and not their actions. According to Aristotle virtue is something learned through unending practice beginning at a young age. To further understand this we should fully translate arte-this is the word translated into virtue in most English translations however the word more chiefly translates into excellence, s o for example a musician will exhibit arte in playacting without any moral connotations. It logically follows that excellence in music cannot be reached simply by tuition about it, it requires systematic practice and practical implementation.For Aristotle there is not necessarily an essential distinction amidst being virtuous and exercising a learned skill like playing an instrument, he believes that virtue is also a learned excellence (the highest learned excellence). So to be virtuous one must practice at it human well being for Aristotle involves living well and exercising virtue is a necessary condition of this.Aristotelian virtue ethics are more specific than Platos, he negotiation of virtue in a more systematic sense. This is highlighted by the doctrine of the mean his theory that virtue exists between the vicious extremes of excess and deficiency. For example the virtuous mean of courage lies between the vices of recklessness and cowardice, which represent excess and defic iency respectively.In order to achieve well being one must endeavour to find the golden mean of all the virtues in the 36 name table, however Aristotle does clearly move us that there are no exact laws in political sciences rather we need to cuddle each case individually informed by calculated virtues and some practical wisdom. Virtue for Aristotle is A posteriori learning through experience, what is the mean path relative to us?Like Plato, for Aristotle we cannot pick and choose our virtues, we cannot decide to display courage and patience but not truthfulness and modesty, nor can people be virtuous if they do not demonstrate all the virtues.One of the most crucial points Aristotle makes is that although virtue is necessary for well-being it is in fact not sufficient. In order to be truly happy one must have three things.1. A good character.2. One must be active in living virtuously3. One must have away goods.Happiness according to Aristotle is a public not a private affair, so whom you share this happiness with is of great importance. The city-states of ancient Greece were tightly knit communities. In politics Aristotle says we cannot fully realize our potential as humans outside the bonds of a Greek city-state so therefore well being cannot be achieved in the life of a hermit. This is not the only external good that is required, Aristotle also believes that in order to achieve well-being wealth is required, although I feel it should be made clear that he is not saying one needs to be rich to happy, rather that there needs to be a absence of extreme poverty the view that it is hard to be happy when starving.This is in direct contradiction with Platos teachings and is blatantly outlined in the story of the ring of Gyges.Another fundamental difference between Aristotle and Platos teachings on well being is that the whole of Platos metaphysics is underpinned by the forms. To be fully virtuous one must have access to the forms but Aristotle alone rejects th e forms as having no tangible foundation for believing them. Aristotle thinks that the problem solved by the forms can in fact be answered empirically he presents us with the function argument this explains that the function of a harpist is to play the harp well. A human also just like the eye has a set purpose or function and the function of a good man is to live well or achieve well-being. But Plato believes that people who reject the forms for empirical verification are sophist whose beliefs have no basis.It seems that both Aristotle and Plato believe that in order for humans to achieve well being they must fulfil their function, so in order to identify the real difference of their views on well being we must understand their views on what our function is. Platos view on this is outlined in take for One of The Republic Socrates is trying to prove to Thrasymachus that it is better to be just than unjust. He starts by find out that all things have their own definite function, an d that that function is that which one can do only with it or best with it (Republic I 352e). For example, the function of eyes is to see, and since a dress knife is better suited to pruning than a butchers knife, its function is to prune. Having established this, Socrates goes on to argue that everything also has a metrical virtue that corresponds to the implementation of its function.The virtues of our ears are hearing and the virtue of the knife would be its sharpness. An object that is deficient in its virtue is said to be incapable of performing its function well (a dull knife would not be able to cut properly). Having demonstrated this, Socrates now looks at the human soul and its function. Is there some function of a soul that you couldnt perform with anything else, for example, taking care of things, ruling, deliberating? Is there anything other than a soul to which you could rightly assign these, and say that they are its peculiar function? What of living? Isnt that a fun ction of the soul? (Republic I 353d)Thrasymachus agrees to Socrates definition of the souls function and they go on to go out what the virtue of the soul is, that allows it to perform its function. From his previous argument regarding the importance of virtue in the performance of ones function, Socrates infers that a non-virtuous soul would do a poor job of ruling etc, while a virtuous soul would do a good job. Then going back to where he and Thrasymachus had agree that justice was the virtue of the soul, and injustice its vice. This enables Socrates to conclude that a just soul and a just man will achieve human well being and flourish, while an unjust man will not achieve well being and be unhappy.Aristotle agrees with Plato that the good for anything that has a function relies on the implementing of that function. So it follows that Aristotle tries to determine out if human beings have a function (the function argument). Then do the carpenter and the leatherworker have their fu nctions and actions, while a human being has none, and is by nature idle, without any function? Or, just as eye, hand, foot and, in general, every part apparently has its functions, may we likewise ascribe to a human being some function besides all theirs? (Nicomachean Ethics Book I Chapter 7 29-33). So assuming that there is a function specific to humans Aristotle discounts sense perceptions because they are not only human traits. He concludes that the human function is to exhibit reason. The function of the excellent man to bear on the function of any man the only difference is that the excellent man exhibits his function well. So For Aristotle, the human good seems to be synonymous with human well being. Thus, in order for a human being to be happy, he or she must live a life that successfully expresses reason.Here we see that both agree that to achieve well being, humans must fulfil their function but do they disagree on what that function is? Plato believing that it is living a just life and Aristotle that it is excellent reasoning, I think not, isnt being virtuous having reason ruling over the soul, surely this is the same as exhibiting excellent reason.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Essay

Many companies be essaying to expand economically in the market by doing phone line with an individual or another company in foreign countries. These vocationes be engaging in into using haywire modes of payments that ar leading to secret bribes to the foreign overt officials. outside countries are not always in accordance with the laws and they tend not to follow them. Having these problems with the US and all the millions of dollars that make up been passed they wanted to take a more affirmative approach and be able to correct the problem.That is when congress decided to introduce the Foreign grease ones palms Practices bout to prosecute foreign companies for corrupt payments within the united States. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a federal law that was amended in 1977. This law prohibits the united States from bribing foreign officials to secure advantageous contracts(1). A foreign official is de delightfuld as any military officer or employee of the forei gn government or any department, agency, public international organization, or any someone acting in an official for or behalf any such government or department, agency, or public international organization (2).The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was implemented for companies from the United States that are managing business in foreign countries to do so without any unethical business practices (3). This federal law exists of two preps, the anti-bribery and the score/book and record provision. The first provision consists of the anti-bribery provision in which contracts with enforcing the Department of Justice. The DOJ is one of the enforcements for Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in which prosecutes the issuers and their officers, employees, agents, and internal concern all in which are acting in the US (4).The anti-bribery of FCPA prohibits anything that deals with payments or an authorization of any payment that obtains or retains with business. There are three faces of improper trespasss for the anti-bribery provision and they include the issuer, domestic concern, the foreign national and businesses. The issuers are the ones that are registe crimson in the US or are required to file Security and Exchange Commission. Domestic concern is any person or business that have their place of business in the US or are low the US law.Lastly, the foreign nationals and business in which deals with corrupt payments that are made in the United States (3). There are too the Third parties and agents that are as well included and have the same conditions apply to them as they do to the issuer, domestic concern, and the foreign national and businesses. The second provision that is involved with the FCPA is the Accounting provision and that consist of contracts enforcing Securities and Exchange Commission.The SEC enforces the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) by bringing the civil actions against the issuers and their officers, directors, employees, and agents (4). FCPA has two business relationship requirements that are recordkeeping and internal controls. The recordkeeping is there to ensure that the books, records, and accounts are held at the standards of what the company should be at. This is designed to assure business transactions and score control and maintain accuracy with the corporations and their records so that they are limited in violating the FCPA anti-bribery provisions.The other requirement is the internal control and that deals with the assurance of transactions are in accordance with the concern authorization, the transactions are recorded and prepared for financial statements and are maintained accountability for as cut backs, the access is yet limited to the managements authorization, and the record accountability for the assets is compared with the existing assets at the regular intervals (4).There are certain(a) things that gives the FCPA red flags and they consist of a history of corruption in the country, a ny family relationship between participants and government officials, an unknown pattern in financial arrangements, high commissions, decrease in transparency in expenses and accounting records, neediness of qualifications on the agents part for performing services, and misrepresentation in connection with a proposed transaction (8). Each of these jurisdictions flora together to keep aspects of FCPA from being violated. This law is not always prohibiting all payments to the foreign officials.The FCPA has an exception for anti-bribery prohibitions and that is called bend government action. This exception is also given the names facilitating or grease payment. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act de first-rates this routine government action as for a foreign official to perform in obtaining permits, licenses, or other official documents that enable then to do business in that country, processing government papers such as visa and work orders, protection services and conducting in spections, and anything that has similar nature (6).The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) has two affirmative defenses and they consist of assertion that payment in question was lawful under the laws of the foreign country, and the assertion that the payment was valued a bona fide expenditure (6). This affirmative defense is aimed to be for the issuer, domestic concern, or other person. In this affirmative defense there must be some type of written law authorizing or supporting the payment. The penalties for violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act are different from the provision that they fall under.For an individual and it is from the anti bribery provision that penalty for civil can be up to $10,000, the criminal fine is up to $250,000 or imprisonment for up to five years, the o.k.s Act can also increase twice the gross financial gain or loss from the corrupt payment, and the criminal fine for the individual cannot be paid directly or indirectly from the company whose be half the person acted on. The entities a penalty for the anti-bribery provision consist of civil up to $10,000, for criminal fine up to 2 million, and for the Alternative Fine Act is can also increase twice the gain or lose from the corrupt payment.Penalties for the accounting provisions for an individual are civil penalty up to $100,000, criminal fine up to $5 million or tice the gain or loss caused by the violation or imprisonment for up to twenty years. The last penalty is for entities in the accounting provisions for civil up to $5000,000, criminal fine up to $25 million or twice the gain or loss caused by the violation (5). Statute of limitation and penalties violations is worth to be a five-year for both the criminal and the civil.As for the criminal it takes shanghai when the statute runs from the date the potential offense was committed (7). This can also be suspended for up to three years due to court rules and evidence of an offense in a foreign country (7). In my perspec tive on FCPA I feel that they have had an impact on the US Commerce. This is so due to the fact of how well they have been enforcing their actions with also the actions for the individuals as well. This also has an affect on the personify of companies that are subject to the Act.Such things as programs for compliance and conducting internal investigations, the cost of diligence, the subtle cost the companies are having to overcome due to the burdens of their competitors that they dont have to deal with, and the opportunity for businesses overseas. This law gives the companies a way of economic benefits. When it comes to the international level FCPA can be a disadvantage because it keeps the company from engaging certain businesses that could give an advantage to the other company.Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has given the international something similar to the FCPA, and that is called the Anti-Bribery meeting (OECD). This convention is against bribery in international transaction s in todays international business environment. The OECD Convention contains an agreement or books and records provision that prohibits the off the books accounts and making inadequate transactions. This also has legal help for extradition on bribery offenses.Since other countries have seen the affects that this law has had on companies they to have also tried to ingrain their own legislation and enforcement actions. One of them would be the Bribery Act from the United Kingdom. This act is similar to the FCPA and with the anti-bribery ordinance (9). The difference between the two is that the Bribery Act does not show enough affirmative defenses and the FCPA allows facilitating payments in which gives more of a open interpretation (9).The FCPA has a come up with general guidance of the compliance program to try to design and implement a reduction in the violations of the bribery laws. They want the business to implement this so that they can operate effectively and promote value in their organization. This law is set to progress and enforce the businesses to make the right choice and to try to stay away from foreign countries that try to make bribery choices. Over the years FCPA testament eventually keep growing into other countries and it will make it harder for the violations to occur.