Oedipus the King Character Analysis - 1321 Words

Latisha Chateman Professor: Dr. Lancaster ENG230 11/25/2010 Oedipus the King Character Analysis Oedipus the King had accomplished many great things during his reign of Thebes and in his life time. Oedipus found out during his reign in Thebes that the Gods who loved him also knew his devastating fate. As a young man when Oedipus answered the riddle the Sphinx he soon found his self having everything want and need. He earned his spot as the new King of Thebes, he had a great wife and lovely set of children and last but not least a widely known name and fame that traveled way throughout the lands. Oedipus life was wonderful until the plague hit Thebes and there forth the cookie crumbled. â€Å"The point†¦show more content†¦Sophocles in generally express concern through protagonist in Oedipus the King. Oedipus anger and arrogance leads him to a lot of red flag and more. Which cause dissatisfaction in all men such as Creon in the chorus. In the begging Oedipus tries to pin Creon as his enemy and for trying to devise a plan to overthrow Oedipus thrown. He tries to demand f or his right hand official Creon to be killed as you can see this is where Oedipus judgment is really clouded. You can also really can see the emotional response of a lot of dissatisfaction as the result of anger that shows his inability to be patient, listen, or reason. Tiresias had many roles in the Oedipus play. He was like a father figure , wise old man, and a oracle in the Greek tragedies. Tiresias is the oracle that reveals the truth to Laius and Oedipus. â€Å"Tiresias also acts as a foil to Oedipus, revealing characteristics about him that we would not see otherwise by (Uthinker). In they play Tiresias serve like a father fiquere to Oedipus. But Oedipus being so overreacting shows a lot of hostility towards him and ofcoarse accused him like he did Creon for being a traitor and being influenced by Creon and also teasing and making fun of his blind vision. Oedipus should have never showed animosity towards Tiresias who was the truth oracle and also a person in authoritative position. Tiresias was a truth blind prophet who saw into the future from the divination from the Gods. Oedipus teasing Tiresias for beingShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Oedipus The King1419 Words   |  6 PagesCan Lead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughout the play. Sophocles uses a technique called recognition, which illustrates a character’s turnRead MoreOedipus The King Character Analysis1429 Words   |  6 PagesLead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughout the play. Sophocles uses a technique called recognition, which illustrates a character’s turnRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Oedipus The King1961 Words   |  8 PagesCharacter Analysis of Oedipus: Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a Greek tragedy play written by Sophocles, and it made its first debut around 429 BCE. It is one among the Theban trilogy plays. The story reveals that Oedipus has unknowingly killed his father, and married, and bore children with his mother. He must find the murderer of King Luis, his father, in order to save the city Thebes from a plague. To his tragic misfortune, it is revealed first through dramatic irony that Oedipus himselfRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Creon s Oedipus The King 1180 Words   |  5 PagesTarrant County College Character Analysis: Creon In Oedipus the King by Sophocles, a fatal curse is put upon the town of Thebes. Creon, current king and brother of Jocasta, gives the throne to Oedipus because he freed the city from the Sphinx. Creon is asked to seek help from Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, and twin brother of Artemis by Oedipus, his brother in law. Creon reveals to Oedipus that the only way to dismantle the curse is to discover who killed Laius, the former king of Thebes, and thenRead MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of a tragic hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompassed a tragic heroRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words   |  6 Pages Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great dealRead MoreHamlet vs. Oedipus Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Prince Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus in Oedipus King by Sophocles In Aristotles literary discourse, Poetics, he discusses his theory of tragedy, wherein he introduces the concepts of tragic flaw or hamartia, which serves as the catalyst for the protagonists downfall or the tragedy of the story to happen. He determines a tragedy as a drama that brings about a sorrowful conclusion, arousing fear and pity in the audience (Roberts and JacobsRead MoreOedipus Rex and Aristotle Essay example894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Six Elements of a Tragedy in â€Å"Oedipus Rex† Aristotle’s â€Å"The Poetics† describes the process of a tragedy. It is not the guide per se of writing a tragedy but is the idea’s Aristotle collected while studying tragedies. A tragedy, according to Aristotle, consists of six major points. The first and most important is the plot, which is what all the other points are based on. Such points are: character, language, thought, melody, and spectacle (Aristotle). A prime example of the usage of theseRead MoreOedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay516 Words   |  3 Pagesstructured analysis of the â€Å"tragic hero† of Greek drama. In his work, Poetics, he defines a tragic hero as â€Å"...The man who on the one hand is not pre-eminent in virtue and justice, and yet on the other hand does not fall into misfortune through vice or depravity, but falls because of some mistake; one among the number of the highly renowned and prosperous.† Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is clearly shown by the main character in the Greek tragedy Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Oedipus, the protagonistRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King 1127 Words   |  5 Pages For A Life Of Regrets Oedipus the King is a play written by Sophocles. Oedipus is the main figure and legend of Sophocles play. After Oedipus birth into the world, his father King Laius of Thebes heard from a prophet that his own child was destined to kill him. Sophocles play begins from past to present and starts to unravel the journeys Oedipus goes through. Oedipus isn t an evil character as one would think while reading the story. He never had the

The Election Of The First African American President

The end of 2008 saw the election of the first African American president in United States history. This was a momentous occasion for the country, and was seen as in incredible leap forward for racial equality and the advancement of social equality. The democratic Barack Obama promised to deliver a series of reforms and bills, focused on infrastructure, health care, clean energy and education. In his second inaugural speech four years later, he reiterated these beliefs, adding a special emphasis in social and racial equality. Obama’s actions and opinions do not exist in a vacuum, but are influenced, approved, supported and criticized by several government institutions as well as the public. While reviewing Barack Obama’s period as president, it is important to consider the Senate and Congress’ role in dismissing or vetoing much of his proposed reforms. In spite of this, it is clear that change came. Although states change naturally over time, it would be careless to disregard the importance and influence that Obama and his presidency has had on the nation and on the larger international community. In this essay we will strive to show how Barak Obama’s two terms in office have shaped and changed America, comparing the key moments in his presidency with previous events of a similar nature. This way, we will be able to gauge the true impact of his policies and interventions, and draw parallels between the challenges faced by him and his predecessors. In order to do this, weShow MoreRelatedThe Presidential Election : President Obama Is The First African American President1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2008 US presidential Election: We select the 2008 US presidential election is because president Obama is the first African American president. Panel B of Table 1 reports results of arbitrage computation for the 2008 US presidential election. As we can observe from Panel B of Table 1, we do not see any positive return both from USD to GBP and from GBP to USD. Only one positive return appears in 3 months’ forward rates for both USD to GBP and GBP to USD. When we look at the average arbitrage opportunityRead MoreHow The 2008 Election Affected African American History912 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is considered to be one of the darkest moments in African American history and ends with the ultimate triumph and fulfilment of a dream. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who was the spiritual and political leader of the Civil Rights Movement, was gunned down and assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, TN (History.com). Those responsible assumed that this senseless act of violence would thwart and quell the efforts o f African Americans in the quest for equality in the United States of AmericaRead MoreHope And Change : The First African American President Of The United States1091 Words   |  5 PagesHope and Change? History was made in 2008. The first African American was elected President of the United States. In Barack Obama’s acceptance speech he described his election as a defining moment and one that would bring change to America. Has that change come? Race relations have always been a topic of great debate, even more so since an African American was elected President. Can a black president change the way people think about race and its place in everyday life? As we areRead MoreHope And Change : The First African American President Of The United States1091 Words   |  5 PagesHope and Change? History was made in 2008. The first African American was elected President of the United States. In Barack Obama’s acceptance speech he described his election as a defining moment and one that would bring change to America. Has that change come? Race relations have always been a topic of great debate, even more so since an African American was elected President. Can a black president change the way people think about race and its place in everyday life? As we areRead More Americas First Black President Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pages For many years, American Presidents were viewed as being white and powerful leaders. Why were they only white? Is it because Americans felt Blacks were not smart enough to run a country on their own? African Americans were viewed as less dominate people and have been discriminated because of the color of their skin. In 2008, Barack Obama was elected President of the United States making him the first black president ever. In this paper, I will discuss how Barack makes a change and if AmericaRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : A Significant Year For The Country963 Words   |  4 Pagesbroke up, and there is a major presidential election. The election this year is important as both candidates are fighting for and desperately in need of the African-American vote to win. 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Racial tensions have changed in both positive and negative ways that affect everyoneRead MoreThe Medi A Very Important Role Of Today s Society865 Words   |  4 Pagescampaign in his favour in the United States’ presidential election of 2008 (Kellner, 2009). With much publication, broadcasting and advertising resources, Barack Obama was able t o attract supporters through his culture and race. The first democratic spectacle was that of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. In the first time in history, an African-American candidate and a woman candidate were running for office. With both campaigners leading the election in different ways, Barack Obama used passionate speechesRead MoreReconstruction : The Failure Of Reconstruction1529 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction: By: Siryet Girma 1,514 words 7 pages Historical Paper Reconstruction: the failure Reconstruction was a failure because African American were still not equal to White Americans. The Emancipation Proclamation was proclaimed in January 1, 1863. It freed more than 3 million slaves in the Confederate states by January 1, 1863, blacks enlisted in the Union Army in large numbers, reaching some 180,000 by war’sRead MoreIn What Way the African Americans Shaped the Course and Consequences of the Civil War? Confine Your Answer to the Years from 1861 and 1870.1038 Words   |  5 PagesIn what way the African Americans shaped the course and consequences of the Civil War? Confine your answer to the years from 1861 and 1870. Immediately after the election and inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, the newly-established Republican Party’s presidential nominee, eleven states of the South seceded from the Union. These events marked the beginning of the Civil War and the war was a result of many political tensions that had emerged between the North and the South in the prior decades, all

Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance Free Essays

Patrick Cassidy PHL 215 3/23/10 Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance When the topic of welfare is brought into an ethical discussion most individuals would surely see it as an ethical act that genuinely helps those in need. This is true to an extent, but is it possible that welfare does more harm than good? Most would argue that the hand out of money to those less fortunate is being socially responsible. The question that drives this ethical issue is where does social responsibility end and personal responsibility pick up? This question is difficult to answer because every family in need is in a different situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Government benefits are supposed to be used as a crutch for families to get back on their feet, but about twenty percent of all families receiving welfare stay on the program for more than five years. {text:bibliography-mark} This is the base of ethical issues surrounding government assistance and social responsibility for the needy. Many individuals believe that receiving a government hand-out allows people to become satisfied with being on welfare. If programs like food stamps and welfare aren’t effective, they are essentially a black hole for the tax dollars of working Americans. There is no denying the fact that there are needy families out there who are so impoverished that they need aid, but it is nearly impossible to separate the abusers from the desperate. It is for this reason many arguments can be made for both sides of government assistance. The most common question is, how far should a government’s social responsibility stretch? The issuing of government benefits derived from tax dollars is a strong ethical dilemma that has both social and economical repercussions. text:bibliography-mark} The first way to look at this problem from an ethical and moral point of view would be from the psychological egoist perspective. An egoist is a person who believes all that matters in moral issues are the elements that deal with self. They are believers that all people’s decisions in life are based on selfishnes s. Therefore, if welfare were a charity, rather than a government run program, the psychological egoists of the world probably would most likely not contribute. On the other side of the coin, psychological egoism would suggest that all people who qualify for government benefits would try to collect these benefits. That is where psychological egoism falls short of defining exactly how humans behave. Social stigmas associated with government assistance keeps some individuals from applying. This shows that selfishness takes a backseat to pride and dignity when placed against these moral values. The real problem with government programs like welfare, food stamps, and free lunch is that the line between assistance and benefits is very dull. For example, a man who makes enough money to support his family may still qualify for welfare. If the person solely spends their welfare checks on alcohol, cigarettes, and gambling is it really helping them prosper? The reality is that every person has different tolerance for assistance. Welfare that may feel like warranted assistance for one family could be seen as excess unearned benefits for a different family. That is where the psychological egoism perspective of all actions being driven by self-interest falls apart. It also does not hold up against thoughts of compassion. If all people lacked compassion in their actions the United States government would have never been able to pass a bill to create welfare and other tax-dollar funded assistance programs. {text:bibliography-mark} There is another ethical theory that is based on people acting on self-interest, it is titled ethical egoism. There are three different types of ethical egoism; however, only two are actual theories on moral behaviors. The first is Individual ethical egoism. Individual ethical egoists believe that they should only act in self-interest, and that other around them should act out of their self-interest as well. This is the definition of being completely selfish, not only are you only looking out for yourself, but you expect others to help you along the way as well. In regards to government assistance, these people would likely complain about paying taxes for these programs, but also are very likely to want to use and abuse them. Another type of ethical egoism that exists is called universal ethical egoism. The main belief behind universal egoism remains the same as that of individual egoism; individuals should only act out of their own self-interest. Where these two types of egoism differ is that universal egoism suggests that all people should act in a selfish manner, removing all altruistic acts from society. If this type of egoism really described the actions of all people, it is likely most people would favor the individual egoism theory, for they would desire to have everybody acting for their personal interests. Both of these types of egoism don’t give a realistic grasp of the American society when dealing with government assistance. These egoists would surely all desire government benefits, but they would have no desire to give back to the community. If everybody were solely out for themselves, there would be no government assistance because working tax-payers would refuse to fund such a thing. Therefore those that believe in egoism are likely against government assistance programs, but are happy to reap the benefits if they qualify. The essential opposite to egoism is known as utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is based on the idea of morality revolving around creating the most good for the most people. When it comes to decision making surrounding utilitarianism actions are based on the consequences that will ensue from the action. When this type of thinking is applied to the government assistance problem, utilitarian’s would surely side with providing those in need with as much as possible. This is a difficult position, because the abusers of these programs are still going to be allowed to collect, but if allowing these programs to operate helps the most people, then utilitarian’s will be supportive of them. This theory on moral behavior is most definitely not an accurate representation of how society actually treats the poor and needy. Most people would only like to assist individuals if they are positive that they are desperate. The thought of people abusing the system drives many people to criticize it. People are greedy, and want to make sure all their money is being spent the way they desire. Therefore, the amount of people who support utilitarianism is the reason that these government assistance programs have been established. Greed and egoism are the reason that these programs are dysfunctional in many ways. {text:bibliography-mark} Who is at fault for those who require assistance? The egoists would argue that if one acts solely on self-interest and still comes up empty, they have to sleep on the bed they have made. Utilitarianism argues the complete opposite; all people as humanity are responsible for helping out each other. Since greed and materialism dominates American culture, it would be safe to say the egoists are winning this battle. Furthermore, by allowing abuse of government assistance programs it only advances the egotistical belief that the world is every man for themselves and to take all benefits possible. This is what drives most complaints within the system, the government not doing a good enough job of regulating these assistance programs. The issuing of government assistance is an ethical issued because it deals with multiple different opinions on the matter all based on morals. People who believe that every family should have to earn everthing they receive are basing this reasoning off egoism. Those who feel that it is the duty of society to help those in need are basing their reasoning off of utilitarianism. The issues that most people bring up within the government assistance programs are that they are not managed and policed well enough. This is not a moral issue; rather just issues of the government not doing all it can to make sure the right people are receiving assistance. Another reason that people have a large problem with assistance is because the government is in charge of it, and some people will go against anything that is government run. For these people there is no purpose in reasoning, they simply believe the government is out to get us all. The main reason people have such strong opinions on this matter is because those who work likely envision portions of their check being mailed to people who don’t even attempt to land a job. This is what creates the social stigma associated with government assistance. In this day and age a country as prominent and developed as the United States must look out for their impoverished population. The assistance programs offered may not have all the kinks worked out and may not be well liked by everybody, but there is no denying that these programs are helping more than they are hurting. Works Cited How to cite Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance, Papers

Foundation of Management for Productivity - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Managementfor Output and Productivity. Answer: Introduction The twentieth century has created different management theories that have helped in understanding the view of management in the present context. Theories created in the era has helped managers in organizing and managing people the role of a manager is important to integrate activities which regulates every important function in the organization. The essay is based on comparison of two theories which are: scientific school of thought of Frederick Taylor human relation theory of Elton Mayo. These two theories are important from the point of view of high productivity to be carried out at workplace. Contrasting both will help in developing a better understanding about the theories. Scientific Management Theory The industrial era has made changes by increasing the rate of output and productivity. This led to development of scientific theory of management by FW Taylor. According to him most of the efficient methods for completing a task, completion of a task, development and motivation of employees is scientifically influenced. The 4 major objectives of Taylor Scientific management are as follows: The development of science for every element of an individual work is to be replaced by the old rule of thumb method (Taylor, 2004). There should be a scientific selection, training and development method instead of allowing an individual to choose their task. This is to provide them effective training to derive competitive results (Waring, 2016). The theory is based on development of a spirit of hearty cooperation between the workers and management in order to ensure work in accordance with scientifically devised procedures (Shafritz, Ott and Jang, 2015). The division of work between the workers and the management should be based on equality. Each group should take work according to their individual capability. There are organizations that need to arrange in hierarchy, system of abstract rules and impersonal relationship between the staff (Witzel and Warner, 2015). The theories are based on the pig-iron production line located in Bethlehem Steel Corporation. By altering the work methods Taylor was able to improve the overall productivity. The theory when applied to other workers gave a drastic result (Carraher, 2014). The theory gained recognition within few years of implementation. Soon many organizations started implementing the scientific theory to gain the output. Taylor is a father of scientific management. He gave the first important management theory. He is famous for the time and motion study and Piece rate system (Scott and Davis, 2015; Mills, A.J., Weatherbee, Foster and Helms Mills, 2014). Human Relations Theory Elton Mayo is a founder of the human relation movement. His participation in the well-known Hawthorne Studies gave the famous Human Relations Movement (Basu, 2004). The human relation school of management developed due to Hawthorne experiments. The theory explains what actually happens when six individual become a team. The teams are responsible to deliver output in an efficient way. The team should feel free to communicate their experience with each other. The employee should work without coercion by working in an efficient way (Pirson, 2014). As per Mayo the organization have to endeavor to appreciate the esteem and sentiments of acknowledgment and approval of non-monetary wants of the employees (Dodge, 2015). The human relation theory thereby focuses on the following concepts: Individual are provoked by the social needs and effective on-the job relationship help in attaining goals. This will allow an individual to respond under excessive work-pressure. All the organizations are co-operative social system. There is a necessity to satisfy the psychological needs. It is one of the main concerns. The relaxed employment assemblage does have a considerable consequence on the work. They do affect the overall efficiency. The chief apprehension of the employees is satisfaction of their wants in order to gain results (Mayo, 2014). Another finding of human relation school is that the workers can only operate in an informal social interaction. The informal connectivity allows workers in gaining effective result. The best vehicle to achieve result is through the informal chain. The members are ready to cooperate in an informal chain. This helps in building the basic chain of cooperation and communication in the organization (Landy and Conte, 2016). Contrast in Between the Classical Approach and Mayo Idea The contribution of both the schools has contributed in achieved differentiated goals. Mayos idea primarily focuses on finding the most appropriate ideas to work through motivation. This will help in increasing the level of productivity in the organization. Both theories have equally recognized the information that the institution has different set of targets (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). Taylor scientific school determined on getting work done rather than having a concern regarding the work. This school merely considers workers as Robots that are controlled by a specific individual. Meanwhile Mayos human relations school is concerned with itself, needs of the workers etc. His theory is based on motivating the employees in a positive direction. These needs allow an individual to thin independently without any outer pressure. The theory focus on the needs of an individual to social interaction is important for job satisfaction. The amount of job satisfaction is derived from solving of workers need to achieve organizational goals (B. Dent and Bozeman, 2014). Furthermore, classical theory focuses on the economic needs of an individual. It further states that the individual is more considerate about his individual needs and it is considered as the source of motivation for the employees. Human elation theory focuses on psychological needs. According to the theory workers are motivated by the informal social interaction. These social interactions allow an individual to grow. Classical theory has a perception that the people are capable to maximize the overall rewards. On the contrary, the human relation school considers that the people are not rational. They argue with the purpose of, an individual is independent and his behavior is influenced by the social context (Burke, 2013). Moreover, the classical theory believes that there is no disagreement amid individual and the organizational goals, whereas the human relation theory believes, there is no habitual association amid individual and the organizational wants. The human relation theory believes that the communication channel covers both the logical and economic aspect in an organization. Team work is important for cooperation and attaining effective technical decision. The positive angle associated with the classical theory has helped in achieving methodical outline of carrying out business activities in an organization. There is an interest in the division of work. The particular approach helps in reducing the time and wastage of resources. This allows management to be focused about their responsibilities. The classical approach on the negative side failed to be familiar with the wants of the human resource of the organization. The attentiveness is more focused on the job rather than on the employees. The classical approach of management is practiced is the contemporary organization. The workers are given specified targets that are to be practices in the organization to attain objectives. The scientific approach of management is practiced I more modified pattern in an organization (Taylor and Hartwell, 2014). The positive side of human relation is regarding recognition of workers and the individual in a group. It is considered to be one of the most effective parts in an organization. The employees when properly motivated give effective results on a long run. The theory thereby focuses on mutual cooperation in order to carry out a task. The recognition of workers in an organization is important for gaining results. The independence among the workers helps them in achieving goals. The negative side of human relation theory is that some workers are persistently abusing the liberty given to them. They avail the undue advantage of the freedom given to them. This affects the overall productivity in an organization. The transformation of the Elton Mayos thought through the theory of TQM expert has allowed this activity achievable in a contemporary organization. The concept of strategic human resource management is now carried out to manage the human resource in an effective way Conclusion To conclude both the theories aim towards a common goal. The way of reaching the destination is diverse. The scientific management theory and the human relation theory aspire for brilliance. The superiority can only be achieved if ether of the two or both theories is applied in an organization. In the context of present modern organization an efficient manager has to apply both the theories into practice to attain results. Both the theories are two wheel of an organization that helps in balancing the work References Dent, E. and Bozeman, P., 2014. Discovering the foundational philosophies, practices, and influences of modern management theory.Journal of Management History,20(2), pp.145-163. Basu,R. 2004. Public Administration: Concepts And Theories. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd Burke, W.W., 2013.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Carraher, S., 2014. Leadership, entrepreneurship, and suggestions for future research.Journal of Management History,20(1). Dodge, A. ed., 2015.Public relations: Strategies and tactics. New York, NY: Pearson. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Mayo, E., 2014.The social problems of an industrial civilisation. Routledge. Mills, A.J., Weatherbee, T.G., Foster, J. and Helms Mills, J., 2014. The New Deal, history, and management organization studies: Lessons, insights and reflections.Routledge companion to management organizational history. London, England: Routledge. Pirson, M.A., 2014, January. Reconnecting management theory and social welfare: A humanistic perspective. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 12245). Academy of Management. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Taylor, F.W. and Hartwell, R.M., 2014.The Industrial Revolution. Taylor, F.W., 2004.Scientific management. Routledge. Waring, S.P., 2016.Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books. Witzel, M. and Warner, M., 2015. Taylorism revisited: Culture, management theory and paradigm-shift.Journal of General Management,40(3), pp.55-69.

Gcp story Essay Example

Gcp story Essay Daft is the closest competing firm in Italian frozen dinners segment that has been stable with 25% market share and is preparing to launch Healthy food options. Apart from the above, Natural food retailers and restaurants also pose a threat to GCP (FFD) revenues. CONTEXT GCP needs to have an above industry average growth to meet the expectations of financial markets (Wall Street). The gross revenue and marketing margin have been less than expected so far (till August 2008). Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for frozen food industry has been reducing since 2007. Super markets and retailers influence is increasing in promoting any product in frozen food industry. GCP needs to re-strategize its promotion plan to meet the planned financial figures. On the technical frontier there is a lack of measurable metric to gauge the success of promotions. Question 2: What is your advice to Sanchez regarding the national sales promotion? Shcould the funds be allocated to: (a) Dinardos 32-ounce package, (b) Dinardos 16-ounce package, or (c) Natural Meals? We will write a custom essay sample on Gcp story specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gcp story specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gcp story specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Justify your decision by developing ppropriate criteria and conducting an analysis based on those criteria. Situational Analysis Impact of promotions of individual brands: Dinardos32: GCP has done national level promotion for Dinardos32 four times in last 2 years. Key highlights of the promotion are: Average % Retailer participating in national promotion : 27. 07% Iincrease in sales volume of Dinardos32 : 45% Cannibalization of Dinardos16 : 88% decline in sales volume of Dinardo16 Net impact on Top-line revenue: Decrease by $1. 2 million dollars. Net impact on Marketing Margin of FFD : Decrease by $4. 5 million ROMI : -1. 2 Dinardds16: GCP has done national level promotion for Dinardos16 five times in last national promotion : 30. 8% Iincrease in sales volume of Dinardos16 : 63% Cannibalization of Dinardos32 : 20% decline in sales volume of Dinardo16 Net impact on Top-line revenue: Iincrease by $2. 8 million dollars. Net impact on Marketing Margin of FFD : Decrease by $2. 5 million ROMI : -0. 57 Natural Meals: This brand has never been premoted at national level by GCP because of fear of tarnishing the premium brand image. However, the projections of national promotion (if carried out) seem positive economically positive. There has been very little or no correlation between the promotion of D32 or D16 and sales of Naturals ea s Ine data Inalcates tnat tnere nas Deen no cannlDallzatlon on sales 0T Natural Meals because of promotion of D32 or Dl exhibit 3). Also, this is the brand which has shown the y-o-y growth of 15% which is a potential oopportunity in the food industry. To forecast the national promotion impact of Natural meals on the financials of FFD, we assumed that 25% of the retailers will agree to premote the brand. Key highlights of the analysis: Average % Retailer participating in national romotion : 25% Iincrease in sales volume of Natural Meals : 50% No significant cannibalization of other brands Net impact on Top-line revenue: Iincrease by $6. 7 million dollars. Net impact on Marketing Margin of FFD : Iincrease by $0. 5 million ROMI : 0. 12 Seasonal sales analysis and impact of promotion on Forward-buying: Refer Exhibit 2. There is no consistent seasonal impact of months on the total sales of each brand in last two years. The maxima in the graphs are due to promotion of the brand and minima are due to the promotion of other brand (Cannibalization). The subsequent onths do not show any drop in the sales which confirms that there is no significant Forward-buying concern. Strategic Options GCP has an option of promoting Dinardos32, Dinardos16 and/or Natural Meals in the last four months of the year to boost its marketing margins to meet the annual target. Below are the Pros and Cons of promoting each brand. Dinardos32 Dinardos16 Natural Meals pros Cons Iincrease in sales revenue of D32 Huge Cannibalization of D16. Negative sales revenue for FFD. (Exhibit 4) Iincrease in sales revenue of D16 Significant Cannibalization of D32. (Refer Exhibit 4) Iincrease in sales revenue Premium product image tarnishing. Negligible stock piling Negative ROMI (-1. 2). (including the effect of cannibalization) Negligible stock piling Negative ROMI(-O. 57). (including the effect of cannibalization) Ppositive ROMI (0. 12) Aggressive promotion response from Daft. Iincrease in marketing margin of D32 High promotion cost Decrease in Marketing margin of D16. No significant cannibalization (Reter ExnlDlt 1 Tor more aetalls) Comparison of Promotion Strategies: GCP has three options to engage in promotional activities with the retailers and super markets i. , Off Invoice, Pay for Performance and Target Based. GCP has been traditionally going for pay-for-performance strategy in promotion of D32 and D16. Off Invoice Pay-for performance Target-based Iincrease in sales because of forward buying. Retailers may not pass cost benefit to end customers. Iincrease in sales. Retailers apprehension. No forward buying Retailers apprehension Benefit and incentives for Retailers. No tracking of actual sales. Measurable outcome. Only 25-30% retailers participation. Measurable outcome Retailers participation may go down below 25% Key Analysis: GCP has been traditionally going for pay-for-performance strategy in promotion of D32 and D16. However, we would recommend GCP to go for a mix of off invoice and pay for performance strategies for promotion of Natural Meals brand. Under this scheme, the retailers would receive 50% of promotion incentive when they first place an order with GCP (Off invoice promotion). The remaining 50% of promotion incentive will be paid to them when these items are sold to the end customer at promotional prices (pay-for-performance). This would reduce the retailers apprehension as they will be getting an advance amount for promotion. We expect this strategy would result into increase in the % of store participation to minimum 40% from current estimated 25%. We have noticed that promotions of D32 and D16 have a negative impact on sales of the other due to cannibalization. As the end effect, the marketing margin gets affected if we premote any of the two. Data shows that, there is a negative impact of every promotion (regional or national) of D32 or D16. *(Refer exhibit 1- Part I and Part II and Exhibit 4). For every promotion ppercentage of D32, average sales of D16 are reduced by 171 ,752. This shows that even during the verage regional promotion of D32 at 7. 3%, sales of D16 are getting affected by 1,275,903. i. e. if we stop the regional promotion of D32, there will be rise in monthly sales of D16 by 1,275,903. In this case, the sales of D32 will be equal to baseline sales ana promotlon expenalture will De u Ssimilarly, tnere wlll De rise In montnly Iincrease in sales of D32 by 437,428 by reducing the promotion of D16 to O. Also, the average sales of D16 without promotion will be equal to baseline sales. It has also been noted that, even for Dinardos other, considering only the baseline volume and bringing the egional promotion down to O helps in improving the bottom-line. GCP is losing money by doing regional promotions on Dinardos other as promotion costs are higher than marketing margin gained by the promotions. As ROMI on Natural Meals is positive, we would recommend 40% national promotion of the same for two months out of four months remaining. This will be possible because of new promotion strategy of mix of off invoice and pay-for -performance strategies. Advice: As a conclusion, our advice to Mr. Sanchez will be stop promotion of Dinardos brands (both regional and national) for next four months and run a national promotion for Natural Meals in 40% of the stores in two of the next four months. This would help FFD to meet their annual target (Marketing Margin/Profit will be approximately equal to the planned profit for 2008). Refer exhibit 5. (Table for last four months projected volume). Positioning Statement Keeping in mind the positive ROMI and ppercentage increase in per year sales (15% increase) of Natural Meals, we plan to achieve our targeted revenue for 2008 by exploiting its popularity among health-conscious customers and launching its promotion campaign at National Level in two of the next four months. We will also top promotion of all the Dinardos products both at regional and national level. Implementation Strategy 1 . Product: Banking on the success in regional promotion of Natural Meals, Ppositive Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) and expected increase in participation from retailers (owing to mix of off-invoice promotion strategy and pay-per-performance strategy), we will premote Natural Meals for 2 months at National Level. 2. Promotion: 50% for pay-per-performance strategy and 50% for off-invoice strategy We expect the participation of retailers would increase from anticipated 25% currently using pay-per-performance approach) to 40% (using combination of off-invoice and pay-per-performance approaches). This would help us reduce significantly the impact of competitors product launch as we will have sthronger ties with retailers and we will leverage the deal-conscious nature of consumers. 3. Price: By promoting Natural Meals, we will give the consumers attractive discount keeping the marked price same. 4. Place: Leveraging the good relations with super markets and retailers, we will strive to secure front-end displays for Natural Meals, highlighting its key features and attractive discounts. M Model of marketing communications is used to increase Natural Meals brand-awareness. Market Encourage existing customers to buy more at discounted prices. Attract new customers by highlighting health-benefits and discounted prices. Mission To meet the annual plan for FFD to improve the bottom-line. Message Consume low fat foods free of any added preservatives at reasonable costs. Media Advertise in print-media to raise awareness about the promotion campaign Money Encouraging customers to buy in volumes by offering discounts in sales period. Measurement ROMI ana nlgner MarKetlng-Marglns to meet annual target. Question 3: Shcould the FFD division be running promotions at all?

Research-Based Ways to Live Through Finals

Research-Based Ways to Live Through Finals The finals are obviously stressful. Either youve got a lot to catch up with or simply prove your diligence once again – the pressure is enormous. Fortunately, one doesnt have to struggle alone. Not only your friends and family are always ready to come to the rescue. The whole world of science works to make your life if not awesome, then at least bearable. Dont believe it? Check out our top picks and use them to ace your exams one by one! Move Around Preparing for final exams you may get that â€Å"groundhog day† feeling. Sitting at the same library desk on a daily basis, doodling on its dusty surface, thinking that theres no end to all of that. Not only its a bit frustrating, but it also makes you less sharp at learning and remembering new things. The study has shown, that switching studying locations has a positive impact onto recognition memory. Having placed yourself into a different context, you force your brain to activate and build new, vivid associative connections. That results in better understanding and memorizing the material. So grab that cup of coffee and go to the park to study! Theres never been better excuse for that. Test Yourself Theres no need to whine: we know, youre going to have plenty of those soon. However, forewarned is forearmed. Plus, the research has proven memory tests improve long-term retention. Making yourself go through tests of various forms makes you engage your brain to the greatest extent and think of the material youve got to learn from different sides. Usually, the things you struggle to remember during the preparatory tests will leave deep imprints on your brain. In addition, youll reduce the levels of anxiety when the actual test-day comes. Squeeze Anxiety and finals go hand in hand. No matter, either its pre- or post-exam, it never is a pleasant experience. Theres a remedy, that might help you loosen up and perform better as a result. Thats a progressive muscle relaxation. The process is quite simple: youve got to tighten your muscles group by group, and then let go. Start with the toes and move to the shoulders. Youll feel significantly better, as your muscles will relieve pressure, theyve been holding in for a while. Plus, youre likely to distract from â€Å"I cant do this† thoughts and enter the exam hall with the boost of confidence you need. Take Deep Breaths Aromatherapy demonstrated a beneficial effect onto the students, dealing with pre-exam anxiety. The study concentrated on the impact of lavender and rosemary, however you may feel free to experiment. What sets the perfect mood for getting the grade you need? Is it a zingy orange? Or, possibly, a cool mint? Choose the smell that makes you feel both inspired and calm. Take deep breaths and go for those great results stress-free! C is for Cardio Different research projects keep demonstrating that aerobic exercise is awesome for your brain. Your memory improves, you get less worried. In addition, your cognitive abilities improve: the subjects of the research have completed a certain test before and after a 20-minute bike ride. They coped with the after-ride test a lot faster, maintaining the same level of precision. And you get a leaner body, just as a bonus. Seems pretty cool, doesnt it? Teachem Why do you think your professors are so good at the subjects they teach? Because they repeat pretty much the same stuff over and over again! According to the study, reciting is a highly efficient memorizing tool. Why dont you use it? Retell the material youve been cramming to your friends or family. If these guys dont want to listen to you – teach a bunch of stuffed animals, for instance. (The end justifies the means, right?) The humans are a bit better here, though: they may ask questions, youll have to answer! This helps you look at the topic from different angles, thus, carving it onto your brain. Build a Schedule When it comes to preparation to finals, time-management is essential. Not just when you need to fit a little nap into your tight revision schedule, but also in terms of letting your brain have some rest between studying sessions. This way information will soak in far more effectively. Pomodoro Technique may be of a great help. Youll divide your time into cycles of work and relaxing, lasting for 25 and 5 minutes respectively. The rhythm will keep your brain alert during the active intervals and will help you really cherish those 5 minutes of rest. The length of periods may differ: you could also try the 50/10 principle. Intermittent manner will help you memorize things better, for longer periods of time. Nighty-Night The study has once again demonstrated that sleep deprivation is extremely harmful for ones cognitive functions. You get distracted much easier, things you seem to have memorized forever just leave your head, that buzzes with serene, untouched emptiness. Thus, if you dont want this to happen – dont push your way through the all-nighter. Get the maximum amount of peaceful slumber the last night before the big test. Find out how to study for a test the night before so that it wont be harmful for your health! Sleep On It Your brain strengthens memories in your sleep. The research has shown, that learning new information before going to bed helps you remember it much better next morning. Dont just go over and over the stuff youve known already. Concentrate on new things. Make sure to leave at least an hour of a gap between studying and dozing off: bringing your textbooks and notes to bed may result in deteriorating your quiet sleep. Well, now you know what to do. Get that lavender oil, go for a jog and then study before sleeping! Just kidding. Use the tips you like and brace yourselves. And remember: its going to be just fine! image credit: wikimedia.org

Soil Erosion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Soil Erosion - Essay Example This happens when the soil is saturated with moisture. The low temperatures of our place are a negative factor because they cause snow which when it melts, it causes runoff that carries the top soil with it (Morgan 34). Soil properties are an important factor in solution erosion. The silt soil of our place is a negative factor for soil erosion because it has large pore spaces between soil particles and these particles are moderately cohesive. This increases the ability of this soil to take in water hence increases it erodibility. Slope is the other important factor affecting soil erosion. The steep slope of our place is a negative factor because it increases soil erosion when it rains and strong winds sweep. Soil erosion is highest at the base of the slope (Morgan 34). I live in a place where there are abundant natural soils. The parts of the region with silt soil are fertile and they have a high agricultural productivity. The parts of the place that have clay soil are rich in nutrients that support high agricultural productivity but crops do not do well in these parts because they are sticky and difficult to cultivate. Sandy places are easy to cultivate and whereas agriculture does well, the crops are not very healthy because sandy soil is not fertile (Morgan 35). Silt soil leads to good water quality and less water runoff because it is well drained. The places that have clay soil have poor water quality and more runoff and some of these places are quite marshy because the soil does not allow good water drainage. The water quality of the parts of our place that have sandy soil is high and there is little water runoff. This is because this soil is well aerated (Morgan 35). Finally, the quality of the soil in our place seems like it will support high agricultural productivity in both the short and long run. The state of the soil quality of our

The effect of the Land Mortgage Loan Policy on the Efficiency of Dissertation

The effect of the Land Mortgage Loan Policy on the Efficiency of Chinese Farmers during 2003-2010 - Dissertation Example Setting up of schools, hospitals, emergency services like fire and other within short interval of places so as to provide the amenities to a larger number of people. One of the basic requirements for beginning mordernisation is industrialization. Industrialization triggers the process of mordernisation. With the setting up of industries for the commercial interests of the company, the factory units and the ancillary units would be constructed. Other important public amenity units like schools, houses, hospitals and shops would be built along with connecting roads and developed transport systems. Such building up of infrastructure fastens up the procedure of mordernisation. With globalisation, spread of the multinational companies all over the world, individuals are moving to different corners of the world for varied purposes like working, studying, treatment, settling down in better places and many more. As a result individuals now are more global citizens with presence in different countries. The People’s Republic of China is one of the most popular and highest ranking nation in the world. With the largest land area cover and a mighty population China has rapidly developed over the years to reach to the peak of success. China has been accommodating the largest population in the world; as a result, there has been a huge demand for the land for making houses. In order to restrict this trend, China has tightened its mortgage rule. 1.2: Research Aim Owing to the immense popularity of China, its phenomenal development and the ever increasing demand of land in China, the primary intent of this particular research paper is to find out the effect of land mortgage loan policy on the efficiency of the Chinese Farmers from 2003 to 2010. 1.3: Research Objectives Taking cue from the primary research aim of this paper, a few research objectives has been formulated. The research objectives are not something very different from the decided aims but instead it complemen ts the research aim. The assumed research objectives of this research paper are: To ascertain the significance of Chinese agriculture in last ten years To ascertain the challenges pertaining to the Chinese agriculture system and impact on farmers To analyse the impact and effect of financial support system on Chinese agriculture To ascertain the financial framework in the context of Chinese agriculture 1.4: Research Questions In order to attain the objectives of this research paper, it would be guided by a few questions which are as follows: What is the significance of Chinese Agriculture from the period 2003-2010? What are the challenges of agriculture in China and did they affect the farmers? What is the current financial support system for Chinese agriculture? What is the change and impact of current financial system on the Chinese agriculture? 1.5: Background of the Research In the recent years, the Chinese government has been adopting a number of policies with the aim of improv ing the rural areas and assisting the growth of the rural areas. The People’s Republic of China has been growing at a tremendous rate with its varied achievements in the different sectors. The entire economy of the People’s Republ

Competitive Forces and Strategic Issues in the Smartphone & Tablet Assignment

Competitive Forces and Strategic Issues in the Smartphone & Tablet Industry. Apple Inc - Assignment Example According to Utterback and Abernathy (1975) such a shift in a company’s strategic focus can be a major challenge but also have important competitive benefits. The challenge arises for example from the need of organizational restructuring and acquiring new capabilities to enable a successful transition from products to processes. The important benefits in this case were that the change in strategic shift allowed the organization to take advantage of the effects of the technological discontinuities to the industry. The emergence of the mobile Web and related technologies initiated a new technology cycle that shifted the consumer electronics industry towards smartphones and tablets. These gadgets have consolidated functions that previously required use of multiple devices such as cameras, music players, video players, computers and telephones into a single device. Industry lifecycle theory has long postulated that industries evolve through distinct phases and that each phase is associated with different basis of competition at the firm level. In the traditional industry lifecycle model the basis of competitive strategy changes from product innovation to process improvement as the industry evolves (Utterback & Abernathy 1975). However, in the enhanced model, Cusumano et al. (2006) proposed service as an important component of this shift in strategy as the industry evolves. ... The challenge arises for example from the need of organizational restructuring and acquiring new capabilities to enable a successful transition from products to processes. The important benefits in this case were that the change in strategic shift allowed the organization to take advantage of the effects of the technological discontinuities to the industry. The emergence of the mobile Web and related technologies initiated a new technology cycle that shifted the consumer electronics industry towards smartphones and tablets. These gadgets have consolidated functions that previously required use of multiple devices such as cameras, music players, video players, computers and telephones into a single device. Industry lifecycle theory has long postulated that industries evolve through distinct phases and that each phase is associated with different basis of competition at the firm level. In the traditional industry lifecycle model the basis of competitive strategy changes from product in novation to process improvement as the industry evolves (Utterback & Abernathy 1975). However, in the enhanced model, Cusumano et al. (2006) proposed service as an important component of this shift in strategy as the industry evolves. This discussion uses the enhanced model, shown in Appendix A, together with Porter’s five forces to provide an in-depth analysis of the competitive forces and strategic issues shaping the smartphone and tablet industry from 2011 onwards. The three major forces that shall shape the future of this industry are threat of entrants, buyer power and industry rivalry. 1.1. The weaker forces 1.1.1. Power of suppliers This is probably the weakest competitive force in this industry. The smartphone and tablet industry is dominated by five companies

The London Stock Exchange Information Technology Essay

The London Stock Exchange Information Technology Essay The London Stock Exchange has for over 300 years produced detailed market information for companies and investors. Technological innovations have transformed this service and from a bi-weekly paper publication, the LSE today continuously remit electronic information to all the financial markets across the globe in real time. These innovations, however, suffered a major setback when a new computer system commissioned in 1989 ended up to be one of the decades biggest failures when its implementation was terminated in 1996. Background Information Transfer and Automated Registration of Uncertified Stock, otherwise known as TAURUS, was a system meant to wholly change the way of conducting business at the London Stock Exchange in 1989, by automating the sale and purchase of securities. Had it succeeded, it would have dematerialized stock certificates and instead, ownership of the various stocks would have run through a computer database, this would have saved the London Stock Exchange millions of pounds annually and further reduced the risk of purchasers going bankrupt before settlement. However, the implementation of TAURUS did not go as planned and was terminated four years after being commissioned. This failure gave birth to CREST, a computer system whose implementation was commissioned by the Bank of England after taking lessons on organizational change and project management from the failure of TAURUS. Problems that Contributed to the Failure of TAURUS One of the reasons that led to TAURUS failure as a computer system at the LSE was the fact that it attempted to solve too many mini problems. This was as a result of the design and implementation team attempting to take care of most of the individual interests of the players at the LSE. The LSE has many firms whose individual trading methods vary, and the thought of incorporating their needs while keeping the overall objective of the system was far-fetched. The idea that a system should always aim at solving the overall problem by factoring in common minor concerns was basically overlooked in the case for TAURUS (Ackoff, 1989). It is a project management policy that one objective is set and all efforts in implementation should be geared towards its achievement. It was therefore a failure on the part of the LSEs management to be distracted from this, and instead, prioritized individual stakeholder needs. The other problem was the size and structure of the design team. For efficiency, a change implementation team should have very clear structures for a smooth transition, the TAURUS system design team should have been as slim as possible to avoid coding mistakes given that this was a project that would overhaul transactions at the LSE-this was not the case for TAURUS. TAURUS employed hundreds of people, an action that led to numerous coding mistakes and confusion as there was no clear structure of operations. This happened at a time when the world had not fully embraced technology, which was a recipe for failure. That is exactly what happened when several code mistakes appeared in the system. The other problem against TAURUS was the government interest in the project, which led to the creation of an issue involving a 150-page of document containing complex regulations to be followed. The governments document was so big that it did not give the design team a free hand to make feasible decisions with regards to the system. The government clearly revealed that the political interests in TAURUS were not comprehensively explored and that adequate stakeholders had been overlooked. It would have been proper to know and clearly define the interest and input of the government. Had this happened, it would have led to a simpler regulatory document that would not only be precise with regards to the design teams scope of operations, but also acceptable to all. The design team should have been given the freedom to make realistic alterations in case of a technical difficulty towards the achievement of the overall objective. Having cast on hardline operational regulations, the objective was not easy to realize as every change outside the regulations came with serious legal implications. The strict and complex regulations led to numerous redesigns, causing delays and eventually the project costs went out of control. The design team also made another mistake of choosing the software that needed several modifications to meet the different demands. This meant that they were relying on unproven software, which was very risky. Reasons for the Success of CREST CREST, a system that is still in use today, went live in 1996 and was completed within both the allocated budget and schedule. The reason for its success was that its development and implementation team learnt from the mistakes made in implementing TAURUS. CREST had a small staff of just 20, with four to five experienced members supervising the entire project. It had a minimalist approach with a design to perform only a pair of processes, which made up nearly 90% of all transactions of the LSE, unlike the 21 attempted by TAURUS. This meant that the overall project objective was very clear and all the human and material resources were properly directed towards their achievement. The slim design team also meant that modifications were closely monitored which provided minimal room for mistakes. The project equally made use of tested computer software (TCS). The use of TCS in CREST meant that the implementation was done with just a few problems to be solved, and there was no problem in c oding-solutions were readily available. Organizational Change in TAURUS and CREST An organization must always undergo some kind of change to cope with the dynamic business environment. In the case of the LSE, the need to incorporate technology in its operations was inevitable at the end of the 1980s. However, this change was resisted the end result was the failure to implement the multi million pound TAURUS project for a few reasons. One, there was no proper structure to implement the new system. TAURUS was a mandatory system and needed to accommodate the interests of all stakeholders who severally and individually had an idea of their own inputs. The management of the LSE should have spent time and resources in identifying the common individual needs of these stakeholders to design a system that could have addressed the common needs. If this were the case, TAURUS design team would have worked towards achieving what CREST later achieved. It is by failing to address these common needs that individual players at the LSE insisted on their inputs to be incorporated in to the system and still achieve the overall objective. Two; change will always be resisted in any organization by people who feel that the new order is not in their best interests. The LSE management had no clear structure or definitive planning strategy. The project was carried out in fragments without bringing it together and this was bound to cause delays as merging fragments of the system that may not be fully compatible could lead to further re-writing complications. This gave room for speculation with regards to system mismanagement. Some stakeholders thought that if this system had been successfully implemented then it could have had an effect on power as a way of getting rid of their jobs, and the whole LSE process would be completely changed. This thought created an enemy within, thence implementation could not have been successful. The appropriate mode of action was for the management to conduct education to the stakeholders and familiarize them with the new way of transaction with the aim of letting them know that computerization was a tool that would improve how they did business at the LSE and not an impediment as they thought. This would have helped in the stakeholders embracing and offering support to the implementation of TAURUS. Success of an organizational change is entirely dependent of how much the new way of doing things is accepted by the relevant stakeholders. Principles and Methodologies of Project Management In The Case Of TAURUS and CREST The main principles of project management are purpose, relevance, feasibility, accuracy and accountability (Maylor 2005). The main purpose in the case of TAURUS and CREST was to computerize the LSE, a purpose that was achieved by the implementation of CREST, but not TAURUS. It was very important that all the stakeholders understood and embodied this principle and to do so, the management had the task of conducting a project familiarization campaign whose success would be measured by the stakeholders understanding of the projects significance to the current business operations, its contribution to business policies and production of a document with stakeholder recommendations. These parameters would ensure that all interested parties owned and accepted the project. Worries about job losses, shifts in political influence at the LSE upon its implementation would be minimal and the result would be a successful implementation and transition into the new system. It was equally important that the LSE stakeholders understood the relevance of a computer system to their transaction. One should not be taken by surprise if it emerged that among the stakeholders opposed to the new system were interested groups that did not see the need for TAURUS at the time. It is universally known that change, be it organizational, political or otherwise, will always be resisted by people who cannot see any major differences between the old and proposed new ways of doing things. Having faith in the accuracy accountability of TAURUS would have further facilitated the stakeholders acceptance of the system. Interest groups will always want the assurance that the new order is safe for their businesses to be able to build the needed faith and rule out the possibility of other interests taking advantage of the new system. When a majority of stakeholders do not clearly understand a new idea, they are bound to front an opposition up to a point when they understand the pr os and cons of the new order in totality. These principles and their parameters must always be taken into account for a successful implementation of a project and when ignored or partially considered, failure is always the end product as was in the case at the LSE. There are scientifically acceptable methodologies in project implementation and these include: Critical Path A project can be broken down into a number of tasks that have to be performed and in the preparation of a project schedule, the project manager has to figure out what the tasks are, how long they will take, what resources they require, and in what order they should be done ( Maylor, H. (2005), Project Management). All these elements have a direct correlation to the schedule. Omission of a task would then lead to the projects incompletion, underestimation of the length of time or the amount of resources required for the task would also mean missing the schedule. The schedule can also be blown if a mistake in the sequencing of the tasks is made. TAURUS design team had problems with following the critical path because of the large number of staff involved in its design which created duplication of duties and coding problems. This was however not the case in CREST which had a slim design team and for that, CREST went live not only within its schedule but also within the allocated budget. A project manager should always build the project schedule by listing in order, all the tasks that need to be completed, assigning duration to each task and allocating the required resources. It is always important to determine predecessors-what tasks must be completed before, and successors-tasks that cannot start until after, for each task. This makes project implementation very simple and straightforward. A typical example is to think of a project as getting dressed in the morning. The task of putting on a shirt may have a longer duration if it is a buttoned dress shirt than if it is a pullover, and it does not matter which order one completes the task of putting on right or left shoe as long as he or she completes putting on pants before starting wearing shoes. When a project, however big, is looked in such simple terms, success will always be the end result. However, there is always some difficulty in managing a project schedule in that there are seldom enough resources and enough time to complete the tasks sequentially. In this case, tasks have to be overlapped so that several can happen at the same time. Were it not for this sequential running of coding during CRESTS design, it would not have been live in 1996. A Project Managers key duty is to manage the critical path and this is what separates the success of a manager. Materials The biggest material in the TAURUS and CREST project was the staff. Managing human resources entails having the right people, with the right skills and proper tools, in the right quantity, and at the right time. It also means ensuring that those people know what needs to be done, when, and how-and finally, it means motivating them to take ownership in the project too, something that was perfected in the design and implementation of CREST. The opposite was however the case in TAURUS. There were so many people doing the same thing at the same level resulting into multiple mistakes and ultimately failure. Materials also include operation manuals and hardware, computers in the case of TAURUS and CREST. TAURUS had three volumes of specification manuals each two inches thick. This was a recipe for confusion in a project of this magnitude. This further emphasizes on the fact that, for a successful project implementation, a manager must match the right human resource to the correct tools and materials. Cost Every project task will have a cost, whether it is the cost of the labor hours of a computer programmer or the purchase price of a cubic yard of concrete. In preparing the project budget, each of these costs is estimated and a total figure arrived at. Some of these estimates are likely to be more accurate than others. A company usually knows what it will charge each of its projects for different classifications of labor. Concrete for example, is priced in a very competitive market so prices are fairly predictable. With the numerous modifications to TAURUSs design software which had not been well tested earlier on and a number of coding mistakes, the cost of implementing TAURUS went way beyond the allocated budget. This was not the case in CREST, the project managers managed every task and with the thin and clear structures in place, the allocated budget was never surpassed. It is therefore important to note that the total project cost can only be contained and properly managed by clo sely monitoring individual task costs during the implementation process. Therefore, a project manager should not take his or her sights of the performance and costs of component project tasks. Conclusion The TAURUS and CREST projects present a wonderful example of issues that should not be overlooked in the implementation of projects and in the process of bringing to life organizational change. It is important to take into account several facts before the implementation of a new idea or way of operations. It is also important that everyone involved understands and is in a position to offer prompt answers to the following questions: What are the anticipated benefits of the system? Are there any existing cultural issues that the new order will overhaul? If so, what are they? How can they be overcome? Are all the stakeholders input factored into the new order? To what extent is the government involved and if not, how can it be involved? Do the stakeholders understand how the implementation will alter their operation and are they prepared for the alterations? These are just but a few of the basic questions that the implementation team should be able to confidently give answers to before resources are committed to a project or a new way of doing business. The implementation of TAURUS clearly failed to answer most of the questions and the end result was a totally new computer system known as CREST after several years of wasted man hours, millions of sterling pounds and embarrassment not only to the LSE bur also to the Bank of England. CREST as a computer system answered most if not all the questions that TAURUS failed to provide. It particularly adheres to the basic methodology of sticking the set critical path as a tool in not only getting the job done in time but also within the allocated budget and with minimal avoidable mistakes. The issue of getting the right number of people holding the required qualifications for the work at hand and making use of the relevant tools was well understood and put in practice in CREST. This is a confirmation that scientifically proven ways of project management should always be put to practice and their strict adherence is what makes the difference between success and failure for a project manager and an organization seeking to implement change. The project management policy that a singular or a clear list of set objectives should always be in place and all implementation efforts geared towards their achievement is a lesson that can never be taken for granted. As by the saying too many cooks spoilt the broth so did the many individual interests at the LSE that contributed to the failure of the implementation of TAURUS. Focus shifted to what was not the main reason for the computer system and confusion followed. It should be understood that organizational change is an inevitable part of business and any institution not prepared for change cannot survive the dynamic business environment today. It is therefore important to take lessons from CREST during and after implementation of a new order to not only improve ways of doing business but to also minimize the huge losses that come with the failure to totally implement a new project or to do it the wrong way.

The Gradual Development Of Cha :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies was written by William Golding, and the topic of this essay is to show how Golding suggests that the boys on the island gradually move from their civilized behavior to total anarchy. In the book, Lord of the Flies, an undefined number of boys are stranded on a desert island, and a leader is chosen. From the start, there is a power struggle between the chosen leader, Ralph, and the leader of a boys choir,Jack. There is also a gradual descent into anarchy as the boys spend more time on the island alone. In the end, they are rescued by a navy ship, but not before atleast two children are dead, namely Piggy and Simon, both murdered. In this essay it will be shown that the boys on the island move from civilization to total anarchy, through the examples of their use of face paint, the death of Simon and the destruction of the conch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Lord of the Flies, an example of their move from civilization to anarchy lies the use of face paint among the boys on the island. Some of the boys, like Ralph and Piggy, never wear face paint. This shows that they stay civilized throughout the story, while the other kids do not. Early in the story, when the hunters chase after a pig, they all where mud, clay, and charcoal as face paint to be 'like things trying to look like something else-'; (Lord of the Flies, William Golding, p. 66). Later, when Jack forms his own tribe they go hunting with masks of pig blood on their faces, as masks. Golding suggests that the children are able to disguise themselves behind these masks, and escape any punishment, therefore freeing them to do as they please. This shows that Golding wanted the reader to think that while the children are afraid of punishment (when they have just arrived on the island), they are civilized in their behaviour, but when they wear their masks, and ar e able to rid themselves of the responsibility of their actions they begin to act more savage-like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of how the children on the island moved from civilization to anarchy is the progression of the dance they perform. In the beginning, when they dance they all gather in a circle and one child is in the middle, acting as the beast. The children would then proceed to pretend to beat the child, but instead leave him unharmed.

Coeducation: 2nd Millennium and Universal Elementary Education Essay

In early civilizations, people were educated informally: primarily within the household. As time progressed, education became more structured and formal. Women often had very few rights when education started to become a more important aspect of civilization. Efforts of the ancient Greek and Chinese societies focused primarily on the education of males. In ancient Rome, the availability of education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men. The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for the privileged classes prevailed through the Reformation period. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coeducation grew much more widely accepted. In Great Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, the education of girls and boys in the same classes became an approved practice. In the 16th century, at the Council of Trent, the Roman Catholic church reinforced the establishment of free elementary schools for children of all classes. The concept of universal elementary education, regardless of sex, had been created. [2] After the Reformation, coeducation was introduced in western Europe, when certain Protestant groups urged that boys and girls should be taught to read the Bible. The practice became very popular in northern England, Scotland, and colonial New England, where young children, both male and female, attended dame schools. In the late 18th century, girls gradually were admitted to town schools. The Society of Friends in England, as well as in the United States, pioneered coeducation as they did universal education, and in Quaker settlements in the British colonies, boys and girls commonly attended school together. The new free public elementary, or common schools, which after the American Revolution supplanted church institutions, were almost always coeducational, and by 1900 most public high schools were coeducational as well. [3] The early success and achievement of women at Oberlin College persuaded many early women’s rights leaders that coeducation would soon be accepted throughout the country. However, for quite a while, women sometimes suffered uncivil behavior from their male classmates. The prejudice of some male professors proved more unsettling. Many professors had disapproved of the admission of women into their classes, citing studies that stated that women were physically incapable of higher education, and some professors found it difficult to acknowledge women’s presence once they were admitted. Even today, there have been books, studies, and other arguments claiming that women and men learn very differently from each other because of their brain differences. One of these books is called â€Å"Boys and Girls Learn Differently! † by Michael Gurian. [4] By the end of the 19th century, 70% of American colleges were coeducational. In the late 20th century, many institutions of higher learning that had been exclusively for people of one sex became coeducational.

Western Civilization Essays - Nazism, Free Essays, Term Papers

Western Civilization Essays - Nazism, Free Essays, Term Papers Western Civilization Western Civilization Final Exam Tuesday, June 23, 1998 Question: What were the causes of the World War II? Do you believe that the war could have been prevented? Why or Why not? After the fall of the Weimar government, and the rise to power of the National Socialists headed by Adolph Hitler, Germany underwent huge transformations. One of the largest of these was the change in foreign policy. Between the years of 1933 and 1936, while the Nazis began to consolidate their power, Hitlers foreign policy was one of appeasement. Germany did what ever it could to keep peace and tensions low between itself and Great Britain, Italy and the USSR. Germany used this appeasement to keep peace long enough to fully gain control of the country. After 1936, their policy changed. Nazi Germanys foreign policy towards Great Britain was do what ever it takes to keep them happy. Germany wasnt ready to have them as an enemy yet. Hitler felt that the longer he had to prepare for war the better. One of the friendly agreements was the allowing of the British rearmament by Germany. This was the first time that Germany tried to drive a wedge between France and Great Britain. Hitler offered to concede substantial rearmament to Great Britain, while also subtly hinting to both Italy and Great Britain to combine forces against France. Great Britain did not take up Hitlers proposals, but he did not abandon his efforts. In 1934, Germany formally began to talk with Great Britain, and they agreed on the Naval Accords in May. These accords were a smart move by Hitler, because he gained power for Germany while, at the same time, making Great Britain feel more powerful. What the Navel Accords did was set up the amounts of which each country could have a navy. At that time, the British navy was by far the strongest, having twice the amount of its nearest competitor, France. The British fleet controlled the Mediterranean, and Hitler was jealous of this incredible power. Hitler agree in May that the German naval fleet would only build up to 35% of the British fleet. To Britain, this seem like a confession of inferiority, because Germany was admitting to be only 35% of Great Britain. But to Germany, this was a way to rearm themselves to the point of where they were only slightly behind their enemies, the French. Hitler knew that German forces could defeat the French on land, but by sea, they needed to build. But to build a strong navy would anger the British. However, Hitler found a way to do both. The discussions between Germany and Great Britain continue in 1935. In March, Hitler and Von Ribbentrop met with Simon and Eden from Great Britain. At first, Britain wanted desperately to tie down the Germans by having them become a member of the League of Nations. The British wanted any German aggression in the future to be punishable by international law. This way, it would be the worlds problem if the Germans attached France, not just Great Britains and Frances, like in World War I. It was obviously not in Hitler or Germanys best interests to join the League of Nations, but again Germany felt much more freedom in bilateral agreements, ones which only involve two countries. Instead of rejecting the invitation, Germany using very clever diplomatic technique, replied by offering one such bilateral agreement, in which Germany would gain colonial power, along with a sphere of preservation. They also used negotiating power to postpone all binding treaties. While the provisions of the ag reement were never fully carried out it is important to understand that Germany, was not subservient to Great Britain, certainly attempted to reduce tensions, even to the point of an alliance against France. By 1936, Hitler had successfully brought Germany closer to Great Britain using many valuable diplomatic techniques. Great Britian was not the only country to be appeased by Nazi Germany. Italy, too, was an important link in Nazi foreign policy. Hitler knew that Germany could not survive another two and possibly three front war. Hitler was forced to give up one or more of these borders, and gain an alley as well. He chose Italy. Italy had

Micheal Jackson essays

Micheal Jackson essays MICHAEL JACKSON! When you hear someone mention the name Michael Jackson, you immediately get an image in your head about his appearance... the infamous cosmetic surgery. Whether you think positively or negatively towards Michael, he has definitely made a strong impression on everyone, either way. I think he is a strange person but I dont blame him for this he has had a hard life of being beating by his own father and put into spotlight a soon as he could speak. I dont think its right that people look past all his amazing talents just straight to The Face. Said Carly. Shes a huge fan of his music and shes just one of many. I believe and so obviously does Carly that no one should really be holding all the addiction to plastic surgery against him it is his life and his choices to make. Hes never had a real childhood he has been a part of televisions icons ever since he was 6 years old. Hes never had the opportunity to grow up as such and I think now through these years all he really wants to do is try and go back to all the things hes missed out on. People look straight past all the wonderful things that hes done for so many people, such as all the charities he has been supporting all his life. The best known charities that hes been supporting are; The Ronald McDonald Children Foundation, The Make A Wish Foundation, Childright and the list continues. In 1984 Michael opened up his very own Burns Centre after he personally suffered severe burns to his scalp during a commercial shoot for Pepsi. Michael also started Heal the World Foundation. Michael made it into The Guinness Book of World Records 2000 for the most charities supported. In total he has supported 39 charitable organizations. These selfless acts go unaccounted for when p ...

Fruits and Their Tastes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fruits and Their Tastes - Essay Example A fruit has various chemical compounds in it namely proteins or cellulose, starch, vitamins and fructose. Depending on the amount of each and every one of these chemical compounds present in a fruit the tastes may be different. This is because the content of the fruit dictates the specific taste that is in the fruits. The bitterness of a fruit is determined by the chemical compounds that are available in it. For us to understand why there are variations in terms of the tastes in a fruit as it ripens we must understand the process of ripening. It involves the declining or increasing of the levels of acids or fructose. During the early stages in a fruit formation, the levels of acids contained in a fruit are very high. As the process of formation matures and ripening draws closer, the levels of acids tend to decrease. The acids are slowly converted into fructose as the process of ripening begins and as this happens the fruits start to become sweeter. For instance, mangoes, they are rea lly sour when raw but sweet when ripe. This perfectly reflects the explanation above where the change in composition of acids and fructose is reflected in the change of taste. There are fruits which have no particular taste. Take the water melon for example. They contain the same (equal) amount of fructose and acids; therefore they cannot be classified as extremely sweet or sour. Their tastes tend to be neutral. (Mauseth, 2003, p 81) 2. How does the ripening of fruit affect the process of seed dispersal? Seed dispersal is simply the method of propagation used by a plant. This is importance for the survival of a plant in its environment. The process that entails ripening is very much useful when it comes to the mechanism of seed dispersal to be used by the fruit. Fruits that are dispersed by wind are often very light and easy to detach from the plant. They undergo a lot of dehydration so that by the time they ripen they can easily be carried by the wind. The same case applies to frui ts which undergo self dispersal. They have to be dry enough so that they can burst and get dispersed. Fruits that are dispersed by animals go through a process of ripening that attracts animals to them either by bright colors or by scent. The enzymes that control this process (ripening) end up causing animals to come near these fruits leading to their dispersal. 3. How do humans interfere in this process by consuming grains and fruits? When human beings shake a plant whose seed dispersal mechanism is self, the seed just fall onto the ground. The best example here is the beans. (Note that the shaking is necessitated by the need to consume the grains). When the fruit is fully dehydrated human interference speeds up its self dispersal through explosion. When humans eat some fruits whose seed can be swallowed, then they can either destroy the seed itself (by chewing) or dispose the seed out of the digestive system. Depending on the environment where the seed is disposed, it can die or g o ahead and germinate. For a fruit like banana, when it’s harvested, the plant is disposed but then a sucker is planted as its means of propagation. There are cases where humans consume fruits with a conscious intention to preserve its seeds so that they can be prepared for planting. Though rare this leads to conscious seed dispersal and propagation. Humans wait until some fruits ripen fully while they don’

Security Framework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Security Framework - Research Paper Example Most computer network threats come from the internet and are done intentionally because people for malicious intentions develop them. The use of the ISO 27000 Series security framework is, therefore, an endeavor by individuals as well as organizations to protect their information and other digital assets from assaults from the internet. The measures stipulated in the ISO 27000 Series framework measures will involve various steps, the most important of these steps being an individual’s understanding of the different forms of cyber-attacks that they are likely to encounter (Ma, Schmidt and Pearson 58). Once one has knowledge of this, then it is his or her responsibility to ensure that they have put in place the best security system they can get their hands on. There exist diverse types of hazards and these can be regarded as to be of unstable levels and risks to an individual’s personal information in their computers. The higher the possibility of an attack, the more prog ressive the security system, that is to be put in place to ensure that the threat is minimized. The ISO 27000 security framework activities involve measures to prevent threats ranging from malicious codes, also known as malware and spyware, to computer viruses. Some of these viruses are so serious that they have the ability to erase entire operating systems of computers. These viruses also facilitate hackers to have right of entry to all the data stored in the infected computers, ensuring that they have access to information, which can be used for their own gain. It is necessary for individuals and companies to avoid such invasion into their computer systems by having the best security framework (Serrhini and Moussa 159). Measures taken involve the acquisition of antivirus software that is reliable, frequent checking of software to ensure that they are secure from attacks. The computer software should be updated frequently to assure they are working in full capacity. Thus, it vital for organizations to ensure all departments are conscious of their ISO 27000 security framework because it is not known when a threat is likely to be encountered. Borders have relevance in tackling information security, and looking at borders, domains of various countries interact because they do not have borders, therefore, the domains of a nation will be related to the nation’s willingness to assert sovereignty in the domains. With the detection of threats at the various nation states, it is possible to retain legitimate response actions by the state and this will be an important actor of the border in ensuring they continue being relevant. In cyber space, the territorial borders broadly define sovereignty of a specific nation irrespective of the domain and ability to locate domains physically. Despite the borders becoming insignificant when carrying out legal commerce, they are highly significant when carrying out policing actions of transnational threats. In China, there is a severe internet information security because there is a leakage of information and this requires protection of privacy and other personal data should be strengthened because internet abuse has become unscrupulous. Sufficient protection of private data in China is lacking and this is because of the existence of loopholes in the safety of public information because of ineffective management mechanism (Veiga and Eloff 361). The reasons behind mismanagement of public informa

EDUCATIONAL URBAN TOUR 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EDUCATIONAL URBAN TOUR 2 - Essay Example The website to the event is http://www.metroymcas.org/east-orange-ymca/. The event is open to all people, although, kids aged between 5 and 10 years will find it to be more fun. There is no entrance fee charged for the camp, with the only requirement being a T shirt worth $ 10. More parents have been taking their kids to attend the program, and mostly find themselves recommending the event to other parents. Kids are taught on how to be self-reliant when faced with certain situations (â€Å"Metropolitan YMCA of the Oranges†). According to the website, â€Å"Metropolitan YMCA of the Oranges† the YMCA organization encourages healthy habits, and thus organizes a program called the â€Å"Healthy U Program† that is focused on supporting families in their efforts to build the pillars that support a healthy family home. The five pillars according to the â€Å"Healthy U Program† are healthy eating, playing every day, going outside, eating well, getting together and sleeping well. It is due to these reasons that the organization organizes open gym for the family, where families spend quality time being healthy. During this time, the event is free to all members only, and the family will spend quality and active fun, held at the Turreell Gymnasium, 159 N, Munn Avenue, East Orange. ... en The Horizon Foundation for New Jersey and the YMCA which has been incorporated in all East Orange YMCA preschool and Afterschool programs for the youth. The program is designed to combat obesity in children by encouraging behavioural change. The New Jersey Explorer Children’s Museum, located in 192 Dodd East Orange, NJ 07017, and organizes various events for children such as school camps and birth day party groups. School camps and other groups are free for adults’ entry, while every child is required to pay an admission fee of $ 7. It also organizes special field trips that are free for school’s admissions for qualifying school programs. The phone number for booking trip admissions is (973) 673 6900 or (201) 200-310. Birthday party groups are charged at $ 10 per child, and $ 8 per child for 15 or more children. The class can opt to book the birthday party group for a child who is celebrating birthday. Children are treated with various fun events like the trav elling exhibits, split second stories, and treasures of the ancient kings, arts and crafts, bridge of books partnership, stargazer, the village and also the jukebox timeline. The website to the New Jersey Explorer Children’s Museum is http://www.jerseyexplorer.org. If a booked admission is cancelled within five days, no charges are charged, while cancellations with less than five days will attract a charge of $25. A confirmation letter is emailed, faxed or mailed to the client (â€Å"Jersey Explorer Children’s Museum†). The Newark museum offers various activities to various groups of people and clients, tailor made to fit the tastes and requirements of the group. Children are treated to various events, with Makerspace being an example. The event takes place in every 3rd Saturday of every month, from 1,