Oedipus the King Character Analysis - 1321 Words

Latisha Chateman Professor: Dr. Lancaster ENG230 11/25/2010 Oedipus the King Character Analysis Oedipus the King had accomplished many great things during his reign of Thebes and in his life time. Oedipus found out during his reign in Thebes that the Gods who loved him also knew his devastating fate. As a young man when Oedipus answered the riddle the Sphinx he soon found his self having everything want and need. He earned his spot as the new King of Thebes, he had a great wife and lovely set of children and last but not least a widely known name and fame that traveled way throughout the lands. Oedipus life was wonderful until the plague hit Thebes and there forth the cookie crumbled. â€Å"The point†¦show more content†¦Sophocles in generally express concern through protagonist in Oedipus the King. Oedipus anger and arrogance leads him to a lot of red flag and more. Which cause dissatisfaction in all men such as Creon in the chorus. In the begging Oedipus tries to pin Creon as his enemy and for trying to devise a plan to overthrow Oedipus thrown. He tries to demand f or his right hand official Creon to be killed as you can see this is where Oedipus judgment is really clouded. You can also really can see the emotional response of a lot of dissatisfaction as the result of anger that shows his inability to be patient, listen, or reason. Tiresias had many roles in the Oedipus play. He was like a father figure , wise old man, and a oracle in the Greek tragedies. Tiresias is the oracle that reveals the truth to Laius and Oedipus. â€Å"Tiresias also acts as a foil to Oedipus, revealing characteristics about him that we would not see otherwise by (Uthinker). In they play Tiresias serve like a father fiquere to Oedipus. But Oedipus being so overreacting shows a lot of hostility towards him and ofcoarse accused him like he did Creon for being a traitor and being influenced by Creon and also teasing and making fun of his blind vision. Oedipus should have never showed animosity towards Tiresias who was the truth oracle and also a person in authoritative position. Tiresias was a truth blind prophet who saw into the future from the divination from the Gods. Oedipus teasing Tiresias for beingShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Oedipus The King1419 Words   |  6 PagesCan Lead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughout the play. Sophocles uses a technique called recognition, which illustrates a character’s turnRead MoreOedipus The King Character Analysis1429 Words   |  6 PagesLead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughout the play. Sophocles uses a technique called recognition, which illustrates a character’s turnRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Oedipus The King1961 Words   |  8 PagesCharacter Analysis of Oedipus: Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a Greek tragedy play written by Sophocles, and it made its first debut around 429 BCE. It is one among the Theban trilogy plays. The story reveals that Oedipus has unknowingly killed his father, and married, and bore children with his mother. He must find the murderer of King Luis, his father, in order to save the city Thebes from a plague. To his tragic misfortune, it is revealed first through dramatic irony that Oedipus himselfRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Creon s Oedipus The King 1180 Words   |  5 PagesTarrant County College Character Analysis: Creon In Oedipus the King by Sophocles, a fatal curse is put upon the town of Thebes. Creon, current king and brother of Jocasta, gives the throne to Oedipus because he freed the city from the Sphinx. Creon is asked to seek help from Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, and twin brother of Artemis by Oedipus, his brother in law. Creon reveals to Oedipus that the only way to dismantle the curse is to discover who killed Laius, the former king of Thebes, and thenRead MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of a tragic hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompassed a tragic heroRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words   |  6 Pages Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great dealRead MoreHamlet vs. Oedipus Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Prince Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus in Oedipus King by Sophocles In Aristotles literary discourse, Poetics, he discusses his theory of tragedy, wherein he introduces the concepts of tragic flaw or hamartia, which serves as the catalyst for the protagonists downfall or the tragedy of the story to happen. He determines a tragedy as a drama that brings about a sorrowful conclusion, arousing fear and pity in the audience (Roberts and JacobsRead MoreOedipus Rex and Aristotle Essay example894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Six Elements of a Tragedy in â€Å"Oedipus Rex† Aristotle’s â€Å"The Poetics† describes the process of a tragedy. It is not the guide per se of writing a tragedy but is the idea’s Aristotle collected while studying tragedies. A tragedy, according to Aristotle, consists of six major points. The first and most important is the plot, which is what all the other points are based on. Such points are: character, language, thought, melody, and spectacle (Aristotle). A prime example of the usage of theseRead MoreOedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay516 Words   |  3 Pagesstructured analysis of the â€Å"tragic hero† of Greek drama. In his work, Poetics, he defines a tragic hero as â€Å"...The man who on the one hand is not pre-eminent in virtue and justice, and yet on the other hand does not fall into misfortune through vice or depravity, but falls because of some mistake; one among the number of the highly renowned and prosperous.† Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is clearly shown by the main character in the Greek tragedy Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Oedipus, the protagonistRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King 1127 Words   |  5 Pages For A Life Of Regrets Oedipus the King is a play written by Sophocles. Oedipus is the main figure and legend of Sophocles play. After Oedipus birth into the world, his father King Laius of Thebes heard from a prophet that his own child was destined to kill him. Sophocles play begins from past to present and starts to unravel the journeys Oedipus goes through. Oedipus isn t an evil character as one would think while reading the story. He never had the

The Election Of The First African American President

The end of 2008 saw the election of the first African American president in United States history. This was a momentous occasion for the country, and was seen as in incredible leap forward for racial equality and the advancement of social equality. The democratic Barack Obama promised to deliver a series of reforms and bills, focused on infrastructure, health care, clean energy and education. In his second inaugural speech four years later, he reiterated these beliefs, adding a special emphasis in social and racial equality. Obama’s actions and opinions do not exist in a vacuum, but are influenced, approved, supported and criticized by several government institutions as well as the public. While reviewing Barack Obama’s period as president, it is important to consider the Senate and Congress’ role in dismissing or vetoing much of his proposed reforms. In spite of this, it is clear that change came. Although states change naturally over time, it would be careless to disregard the importance and influence that Obama and his presidency has had on the nation and on the larger international community. In this essay we will strive to show how Barak Obama’s two terms in office have shaped and changed America, comparing the key moments in his presidency with previous events of a similar nature. This way, we will be able to gauge the true impact of his policies and interventions, and draw parallels between the challenges faced by him and his predecessors. In order to do this, weShow MoreRelatedThe Presidential Election : President Obama Is The First African American President1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2008 US presidential Election: We select the 2008 US presidential election is because president Obama is the first African American president. Panel B of Table 1 reports results of arbitrage computation for the 2008 US presidential election. As we can observe from Panel B of Table 1, we do not see any positive return both from USD to GBP and from GBP to USD. Only one positive return appears in 3 months’ forward rates for both USD to GBP and GBP to USD. When we look at the average arbitrage opportunityRead MoreHow The 2008 Election Affected African American History912 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is considered to be one of the darkest moments in African American history and ends with the ultimate triumph and fulfilment of a dream. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who was the spiritual and political leader of the Civil Rights Movement, was gunned down and assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, TN (History.com). Those responsible assumed that this senseless act of violence would thwart and quell the efforts o f African Americans in the quest for equality in the United States of AmericaRead MoreHope And Change : The First African American President Of The United States1091 Words   |  5 PagesHope and Change? History was made in 2008. The first African American was elected President of the United States. In Barack Obama’s acceptance speech he described his election as a defining moment and one that would bring change to America. Has that change come? Race relations have always been a topic of great debate, even more so since an African American was elected President. Can a black president change the way people think about race and its place in everyday life? As we areRead MoreHope And Change : The First African American President Of The United States1091 Words   |  5 PagesHope and Change? History was made in 2008. The first African American was elected President of the United States. In Barack Obama’s acceptance speech he described his election as a defining moment and one that would bring change to America. Has that change come? Race relations have always been a topic of great debate, even more so since an African American was elected President. Can a black president change the way people think about race and its place in everyday life? As we areRead More Americas First Black President Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pages For many years, American Presidents were viewed as being white and powerful leaders. Why were they only white? Is it because Americans felt Blacks were not smart enough to run a country on their own? African Americans were viewed as less dominate people and have been discriminated because of the color of their skin. In 2008, Barack Obama was elected President of the United States making him the first black president ever. In this paper, I will discuss how Barack makes a change and if AmericaRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : A Significant Year For The Country963 Words   |  4 Pagesbroke up, and there is a major presidential election. The election this year is important as both candidates are fighting for and desperately in need of the African-American vote to win. 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The Emancipation Proclamation was proclaimed in January 1, 1863. It freed more than 3 million slaves in the Confederate states by January 1, 1863, blacks enlisted in the Union Army in large numbers, reaching some 180,000 by war’sRead MoreIn What Way the African Americans Shaped the Course and Consequences of the Civil War? Confine Your Answer to the Years from 1861 and 1870.1038 Words   |  5 PagesIn what way the African Americans shaped the course and consequences of the Civil War? Confine your answer to the years from 1861 and 1870. Immediately after the election and inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, the newly-established Republican Party’s presidential nominee, eleven states of the South seceded from the Union. These events marked the beginning of the Civil War and the war was a result of many political tensions that had emerged between the North and the South in the prior decades, all

Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance Free Essays

Patrick Cassidy PHL 215 3/23/10 Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance When the topic of welfare is brought into an ethical discussion most individuals would surely see it as an ethical act that genuinely helps those in need. This is true to an extent, but is it possible that welfare does more harm than good? Most would argue that the hand out of money to those less fortunate is being socially responsible. The question that drives this ethical issue is where does social responsibility end and personal responsibility pick up? This question is difficult to answer because every family in need is in a different situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Government benefits are supposed to be used as a crutch for families to get back on their feet, but about twenty percent of all families receiving welfare stay on the program for more than five years. {text:bibliography-mark} This is the base of ethical issues surrounding government assistance and social responsibility for the needy. Many individuals believe that receiving a government hand-out allows people to become satisfied with being on welfare. If programs like food stamps and welfare aren’t effective, they are essentially a black hole for the tax dollars of working Americans. There is no denying the fact that there are needy families out there who are so impoverished that they need aid, but it is nearly impossible to separate the abusers from the desperate. It is for this reason many arguments can be made for both sides of government assistance. The most common question is, how far should a government’s social responsibility stretch? The issuing of government benefits derived from tax dollars is a strong ethical dilemma that has both social and economical repercussions. text:bibliography-mark} The first way to look at this problem from an ethical and moral point of view would be from the psychological egoist perspective. An egoist is a person who believes all that matters in moral issues are the elements that deal with self. They are believers that all people’s decisions in life are based on selfishnes s. Therefore, if welfare were a charity, rather than a government run program, the psychological egoists of the world probably would most likely not contribute. On the other side of the coin, psychological egoism would suggest that all people who qualify for government benefits would try to collect these benefits. That is where psychological egoism falls short of defining exactly how humans behave. Social stigmas associated with government assistance keeps some individuals from applying. This shows that selfishness takes a backseat to pride and dignity when placed against these moral values. The real problem with government programs like welfare, food stamps, and free lunch is that the line between assistance and benefits is very dull. For example, a man who makes enough money to support his family may still qualify for welfare. If the person solely spends their welfare checks on alcohol, cigarettes, and gambling is it really helping them prosper? The reality is that every person has different tolerance for assistance. Welfare that may feel like warranted assistance for one family could be seen as excess unearned benefits for a different family. That is where the psychological egoism perspective of all actions being driven by self-interest falls apart. It also does not hold up against thoughts of compassion. If all people lacked compassion in their actions the United States government would have never been able to pass a bill to create welfare and other tax-dollar funded assistance programs. {text:bibliography-mark} There is another ethical theory that is based on people acting on self-interest, it is titled ethical egoism. There are three different types of ethical egoism; however, only two are actual theories on moral behaviors. The first is Individual ethical egoism. Individual ethical egoists believe that they should only act in self-interest, and that other around them should act out of their self-interest as well. This is the definition of being completely selfish, not only are you only looking out for yourself, but you expect others to help you along the way as well. In regards to government assistance, these people would likely complain about paying taxes for these programs, but also are very likely to want to use and abuse them. Another type of ethical egoism that exists is called universal ethical egoism. The main belief behind universal egoism remains the same as that of individual egoism; individuals should only act out of their own self-interest. Where these two types of egoism differ is that universal egoism suggests that all people should act in a selfish manner, removing all altruistic acts from society. If this type of egoism really described the actions of all people, it is likely most people would favor the individual egoism theory, for they would desire to have everybody acting for their personal interests. Both of these types of egoism don’t give a realistic grasp of the American society when dealing with government assistance. These egoists would surely all desire government benefits, but they would have no desire to give back to the community. If everybody were solely out for themselves, there would be no government assistance because working tax-payers would refuse to fund such a thing. Therefore those that believe in egoism are likely against government assistance programs, but are happy to reap the benefits if they qualify. The essential opposite to egoism is known as utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is based on the idea of morality revolving around creating the most good for the most people. When it comes to decision making surrounding utilitarianism actions are based on the consequences that will ensue from the action. When this type of thinking is applied to the government assistance problem, utilitarian’s would surely side with providing those in need with as much as possible. This is a difficult position, because the abusers of these programs are still going to be allowed to collect, but if allowing these programs to operate helps the most people, then utilitarian’s will be supportive of them. This theory on moral behavior is most definitely not an accurate representation of how society actually treats the poor and needy. Most people would only like to assist individuals if they are positive that they are desperate. The thought of people abusing the system drives many people to criticize it. People are greedy, and want to make sure all their money is being spent the way they desire. Therefore, the amount of people who support utilitarianism is the reason that these government assistance programs have been established. Greed and egoism are the reason that these programs are dysfunctional in many ways. {text:bibliography-mark} Who is at fault for those who require assistance? The egoists would argue that if one acts solely on self-interest and still comes up empty, they have to sleep on the bed they have made. Utilitarianism argues the complete opposite; all people as humanity are responsible for helping out each other. Since greed and materialism dominates American culture, it would be safe to say the egoists are winning this battle. Furthermore, by allowing abuse of government assistance programs it only advances the egotistical belief that the world is every man for themselves and to take all benefits possible. This is what drives most complaints within the system, the government not doing a good enough job of regulating these assistance programs. The issuing of government assistance is an ethical issued because it deals with multiple different opinions on the matter all based on morals. People who believe that every family should have to earn everthing they receive are basing this reasoning off egoism. Those who feel that it is the duty of society to help those in need are basing their reasoning off of utilitarianism. The issues that most people bring up within the government assistance programs are that they are not managed and policed well enough. This is not a moral issue; rather just issues of the government not doing all it can to make sure the right people are receiving assistance. Another reason that people have a large problem with assistance is because the government is in charge of it, and some people will go against anything that is government run. For these people there is no purpose in reasoning, they simply believe the government is out to get us all. The main reason people have such strong opinions on this matter is because those who work likely envision portions of their check being mailed to people who don’t even attempt to land a job. This is what creates the social stigma associated with government assistance. In this day and age a country as prominent and developed as the United States must look out for their impoverished population. The assistance programs offered may not have all the kinks worked out and may not be well liked by everybody, but there is no denying that these programs are helping more than they are hurting. Works Cited How to cite Ethics of Welfare and Government Assistance, Papers

Foundation of Management for Productivity - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Managementfor Output and Productivity. Answer: Introduction The twentieth century has created different management theories that have helped in understanding the view of management in the present context. Theories created in the era has helped managers in organizing and managing people the role of a manager is important to integrate activities which regulates every important function in the organization. The essay is based on comparison of two theories which are: scientific school of thought of Frederick Taylor human relation theory of Elton Mayo. These two theories are important from the point of view of high productivity to be carried out at workplace. Contrasting both will help in developing a better understanding about the theories. Scientific Management Theory The industrial era has made changes by increasing the rate of output and productivity. This led to development of scientific theory of management by FW Taylor. According to him most of the efficient methods for completing a task, completion of a task, development and motivation of employees is scientifically influenced. The 4 major objectives of Taylor Scientific management are as follows: The development of science for every element of an individual work is to be replaced by the old rule of thumb method (Taylor, 2004). There should be a scientific selection, training and development method instead of allowing an individual to choose their task. This is to provide them effective training to derive competitive results (Waring, 2016). The theory is based on development of a spirit of hearty cooperation between the workers and management in order to ensure work in accordance with scientifically devised procedures (Shafritz, Ott and Jang, 2015). The division of work between the workers and the management should be based on equality. Each group should take work according to their individual capability. There are organizations that need to arrange in hierarchy, system of abstract rules and impersonal relationship between the staff (Witzel and Warner, 2015). The theories are based on the pig-iron production line located in Bethlehem Steel Corporation. By altering the work methods Taylor was able to improve the overall productivity. The theory when applied to other workers gave a drastic result (Carraher, 2014). The theory gained recognition within few years of implementation. Soon many organizations started implementing the scientific theory to gain the output. Taylor is a father of scientific management. He gave the first important management theory. He is famous for the time and motion study and Piece rate system (Scott and Davis, 2015; Mills, A.J., Weatherbee, Foster and Helms Mills, 2014). Human Relations Theory Elton Mayo is a founder of the human relation movement. His participation in the well-known Hawthorne Studies gave the famous Human Relations Movement (Basu, 2004). The human relation school of management developed due to Hawthorne experiments. The theory explains what actually happens when six individual become a team. The teams are responsible to deliver output in an efficient way. The team should feel free to communicate their experience with each other. The employee should work without coercion by working in an efficient way (Pirson, 2014). As per Mayo the organization have to endeavor to appreciate the esteem and sentiments of acknowledgment and approval of non-monetary wants of the employees (Dodge, 2015). The human relation theory thereby focuses on the following concepts: Individual are provoked by the social needs and effective on-the job relationship help in attaining goals. This will allow an individual to respond under excessive work-pressure. All the organizations are co-operative social system. There is a necessity to satisfy the psychological needs. It is one of the main concerns. The relaxed employment assemblage does have a considerable consequence on the work. They do affect the overall efficiency. The chief apprehension of the employees is satisfaction of their wants in order to gain results (Mayo, 2014). Another finding of human relation school is that the workers can only operate in an informal social interaction. The informal connectivity allows workers in gaining effective result. The best vehicle to achieve result is through the informal chain. The members are ready to cooperate in an informal chain. This helps in building the basic chain of cooperation and communication in the organization (Landy and Conte, 2016). Contrast in Between the Classical Approach and Mayo Idea The contribution of both the schools has contributed in achieved differentiated goals. Mayos idea primarily focuses on finding the most appropriate ideas to work through motivation. This will help in increasing the level of productivity in the organization. Both theories have equally recognized the information that the institution has different set of targets (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). Taylor scientific school determined on getting work done rather than having a concern regarding the work. This school merely considers workers as Robots that are controlled by a specific individual. Meanwhile Mayos human relations school is concerned with itself, needs of the workers etc. His theory is based on motivating the employees in a positive direction. These needs allow an individual to thin independently without any outer pressure. The theory focus on the needs of an individual to social interaction is important for job satisfaction. The amount of job satisfaction is derived from solving of workers need to achieve organizational goals (B. Dent and Bozeman, 2014). Furthermore, classical theory focuses on the economic needs of an individual. It further states that the individual is more considerate about his individual needs and it is considered as the source of motivation for the employees. Human elation theory focuses on psychological needs. According to the theory workers are motivated by the informal social interaction. These social interactions allow an individual to grow. Classical theory has a perception that the people are capable to maximize the overall rewards. On the contrary, the human relation school considers that the people are not rational. They argue with the purpose of, an individual is independent and his behavior is influenced by the social context (Burke, 2013). Moreover, the classical theory believes that there is no disagreement amid individual and the organizational goals, whereas the human relation theory believes, there is no habitual association amid individual and the organizational wants. The human relation theory believes that the communication channel covers both the logical and economic aspect in an organization. Team work is important for cooperation and attaining effective technical decision. The positive angle associated with the classical theory has helped in achieving methodical outline of carrying out business activities in an organization. There is an interest in the division of work. The particular approach helps in reducing the time and wastage of resources. This allows management to be focused about their responsibilities. The classical approach on the negative side failed to be familiar with the wants of the human resource of the organization. The attentiveness is more focused on the job rather than on the employees. The classical approach of management is practiced is the contemporary organization. The workers are given specified targets that are to be practices in the organization to attain objectives. The scientific approach of management is practiced I more modified pattern in an organization (Taylor and Hartwell, 2014). The positive side of human relation is regarding recognition of workers and the individual in a group. It is considered to be one of the most effective parts in an organization. The employees when properly motivated give effective results on a long run. The theory thereby focuses on mutual cooperation in order to carry out a task. The recognition of workers in an organization is important for gaining results. The independence among the workers helps them in achieving goals. The negative side of human relation theory is that some workers are persistently abusing the liberty given to them. They avail the undue advantage of the freedom given to them. This affects the overall productivity in an organization. The transformation of the Elton Mayos thought through the theory of TQM expert has allowed this activity achievable in a contemporary organization. The concept of strategic human resource management is now carried out to manage the human resource in an effective way Conclusion To conclude both the theories aim towards a common goal. The way of reaching the destination is diverse. The scientific management theory and the human relation theory aspire for brilliance. The superiority can only be achieved if ether of the two or both theories is applied in an organization. In the context of present modern organization an efficient manager has to apply both the theories into practice to attain results. Both the theories are two wheel of an organization that helps in balancing the work References Dent, E. and Bozeman, P., 2014. Discovering the foundational philosophies, practices, and influences of modern management theory.Journal of Management History,20(2), pp.145-163. Basu,R. 2004. Public Administration: Concepts And Theories. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd Burke, W.W., 2013.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Carraher, S., 2014. Leadership, entrepreneurship, and suggestions for future research.Journal of Management History,20(1). Dodge, A. ed., 2015.Public relations: Strategies and tactics. New York, NY: Pearson. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Mayo, E., 2014.The social problems of an industrial civilisation. Routledge. Mills, A.J., Weatherbee, T.G., Foster, J. and Helms Mills, J., 2014. The New Deal, history, and management organization studies: Lessons, insights and reflections.Routledge companion to management organizational history. London, England: Routledge. Pirson, M.A., 2014, January. Reconnecting management theory and social welfare: A humanistic perspective. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 12245). Academy of Management. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Taylor, F.W. and Hartwell, R.M., 2014.The Industrial Revolution. Taylor, F.W., 2004.Scientific management. Routledge. Waring, S.P., 2016.Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books. Witzel, M. and Warner, M., 2015. Taylorism revisited: Culture, management theory and paradigm-shift.Journal of General Management,40(3), pp.55-69.